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A qualitative meta-synthesis about challenges experienced in occupational therapy practice / Carolyn Murray in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015) . - p.534-546 Titre : A qualitative meta-synthesis about challenges experienced in occupational therapy practice Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Carolyn Murray, Auteur ; Merrill Turpin, Auteur ; Ian EDWARDS, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.534-546 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Culture  decision-making  clinical  professional ethics  thinking Résumé : Introduction Information about challenges for occupational therapists is typically provided in small-scale studies from different perspectives. The purpose of this meta-synthesis was to synthesise and report about challenges in occupational therapy practice that appear to penetrate across the profession. Method Databases searched were Ovid Medline, EMBASE, AMED and CINAHL. Search terms were selected after gaining understanding of the topic: occupational therap* AND Exp burnout / OR Exp morals / OR retention OR clinical reasoning OR new graduate OR novice OR transition-to-practice. Studies were critically appraised using the criteria of credibility, transferability, confirmability and dependability. Findings, along with direct quotes, were extracted and data compared and contrasted through first, second and third order analysis. Findings Twenty-four studies were included in the meta-synthesis and three constructs were identified: ‘challenges in context’; ‘personal challenges’ and ‘social and cultural challenges’. These findings inform knowledge about constraining factors on clinical reasoning and the alignment of practice with the occupational therapy philosophy, and give insight into satisfaction with practice, ethical and professional behaviours. Conclusion These findings could inform provision of professional support, education for students and enhance agency to reform practice. More research is needed about professional socialisation, clinical reasoning and ethical issues. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40394 [article] A qualitative meta-synthesis about challenges experienced in occupational therapy practice [texte imprimé] / Carolyn Murray, Auteur ; Merrill Turpin, Auteur ; Ian EDWARDS, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.534-546. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015) . - p.534-546 Mots-clés : Culture  decision-making  clinical  professional ethics  thinking Résumé : Introduction Information about challenges for occupational therapists is typically provided in small-scale studies from different perspectives. The purpose of this meta-synthesis was to synthesise and report about challenges in occupational therapy practice that appear to penetrate across the profession. Method Databases searched were Ovid Medline, EMBASE, AMED and CINAHL. Search terms were selected after gaining understanding of the topic: occupational therap* AND Exp burnout / OR Exp morals / OR retention OR clinical reasoning OR new graduate OR novice OR transition-to-practice. Studies were critically appraised using the criteria of credibility, transferability, confirmability and dependability. Findings, along with direct quotes, were extracted and data compared and contrasted through first, second and third order analysis. Findings Twenty-four studies were included in the meta-synthesis and three constructs were identified: ‘challenges in context’; ‘personal challenges’ and ‘social and cultural challenges’. These findings inform knowledge about constraining factors on clinical reasoning and the alignment of practice with the occupational therapy philosophy, and give insight into satisfaction with practice, ethical and professional behaviours. Conclusion These findings could inform provision of professional support, education for students and enhance agency to reform practice. More research is needed about professional socialisation, clinical reasoning and ethical issues. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40394

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Occupational therapists as change agents in multidisciplinary teams / Helen Brian in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015) . - p.547-555 Titre : Occupational therapists as change agents in multidisciplinary teams Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Helen Brian, Auteur ; Sarah Cook, Auteur ; Deborah Taylor, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.547-555 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Change  mental health  emerging roles Résumé : Introduction This qualitative study explored the experiences of occupational therapists attempting to implement change within multidisciplinary teams via a 5-week training intervention. This encouraged ward staff in inpatient mental health rehabilitation units to facilitate service user engagement in activities. This study is supplementary to a randomised control trial (RCT). Method Daily diaries and training reflections completed by two therapists (P1 and P2) during the training were subjected to Framework analysis. The indexing stage of this process was completed in collaboration with the participants. Findings When implementing change, the occupational therapists encountered a number of barriers such as emotional responses and attitudes towards service users. Facilitators of change included openness, sharing knowledge and skills, and reported change. The analysis revealed a change process moving from ‘assessing the context’, to ‘building relationships’ and ‘addressing issues’ that was aided by the therapists’ high-level skills and capacity for social and self-awareness. Conclusion The process of change aligned well with the chosen three-stage model of change as well as occupational therapy philosophy. When acting as change agents, the therapists adapted and applied their clinical skills to the organisational context in accord with their core values and capacity for social and self-awareness. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40395 [article] Occupational therapists as change agents in multidisciplinary teams [texte imprimé] / Helen Brian, Auteur ; Sarah Cook, Auteur ; Deborah Taylor, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.547-555. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015) . - p.547-555 Mots-clés : Change  mental health  emerging roles Résumé : Introduction This qualitative study explored the experiences of occupational therapists attempting to implement change within multidisciplinary teams via a 5-week training intervention. This encouraged ward staff in inpatient mental health rehabilitation units to facilitate service user engagement in activities. This study is supplementary to a randomised control trial (RCT). Method Daily diaries and training reflections completed by two therapists (P1 and P2) during the training were subjected to Framework analysis. The indexing stage of this process was completed in collaboration with the participants. Findings When implementing change, the occupational therapists encountered a number of barriers such as emotional responses and attitudes towards service users. Facilitators of change included openness, sharing knowledge and skills, and reported change. The analysis revealed a change process moving from ‘assessing the context’, to ‘building relationships’ and ‘addressing issues’ that was aided by the therapists’ high-level skills and capacity for social and self-awareness. Conclusion The process of change aligned well with the chosen three-stage model of change as well as occupational therapy philosophy. When acting as change agents, the therapists adapted and applied their clinical skills to the organisational context in accord with their core values and capacity for social and self-awareness. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40395

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The Dr Elizabeth Casson Memorial Lecture 2015: Pushing the boundaries and leading the way / Thérèse Jackson in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015) . - p.556-562 Titre : The Dr Elizabeth Casson Memorial Lecture 2015: Pushing the boundaries and leading the way Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Thérèse Jackson, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.556-562 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Person-centred practice  leadership  Dr Elizabeth Casson Résumé : The Dr Elizabeth Casson Memorial Lecture 2015, given on July 1st 2015 at the 39th Annual Conference and Exhibition of the College of Occupational Therapists, held at the Brighton Centre, Brighton. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40396 [article] The Dr Elizabeth Casson Memorial Lecture 2015: Pushing the boundaries and leading the way [texte imprimé] / Thérèse Jackson, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.556-562. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015) . - p.556-562 Mots-clés : Person-centred practice  leadership  Dr Elizabeth Casson Résumé : The Dr Elizabeth Casson Memorial Lecture 2015, given on July 1st 2015 at the 39th Annual Conference and Exhibition of the College of Occupational Therapists, held at the Brighton Centre, Brighton. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40396

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Inter-rater reliability and face validity of the Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT) / Marie Cederfeldt in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015) . - p.563-569 Titre : Inter-rater reliability and face validity of the Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Marie Cederfeldt, Auteur ; Gunnel Carlsson, Auteur ; Synneve Dahlin–Ivanoff, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.563-569 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Executive dysfunctions  mild stroke  older persons  instrumental activities of daily living  occupational therapy  instrument development Résumé : Introduction Occupational therapists need an instrument to assess executive dysfunctions before patients are discharged from acute wards. The Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT) appears to be suitable, since it evaluates dysfunctions in complex activities. The aim of this study was to translate the EFPT from English into Swedish and to evaluate its properties when used with older persons with mild stroke in an acute setting. Method The study consisted of three parts: (1) a translation procedure using a forward and backward method; (2) evaluation of face validity; (3) inter-rater reliability by four raters (two pairs) who made 34 assessments in 17 older patients with mild stroke in an acute ward. Results The inter-rater reliability for the EFPT was good. The median was 88% of the percentage agreement. No occasional disagreement was found between the raters, but there was a systematic disagreement in one out of 20 items. The translation and face validity process resulted in further clarification of the semantic and cultural equivalence of the EFPT, and the manual was changed accordingly. Conclusion This study showed that inter-rater reliability was good and that the EFPT was found to be an interesting assessment, although further research is needed. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40397 [article] Inter-rater reliability and face validity of the Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT) [texte imprimé] / Marie Cederfeldt, Auteur ; Gunnel Carlsson, Auteur ; Synneve Dahlin–Ivanoff, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.563-569. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015) . - p.563-569 Mots-clés : Executive dysfunctions  mild stroke  older persons  instrumental activities of daily living  occupational therapy  instrument development Résumé : Introduction Occupational therapists need an instrument to assess executive dysfunctions before patients are discharged from acute wards. The Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT) appears to be suitable, since it evaluates dysfunctions in complex activities. The aim of this study was to translate the EFPT from English into Swedish and to evaluate its properties when used with older persons with mild stroke in an acute setting. Method The study consisted of three parts: (1) a translation procedure using a forward and backward method; (2) evaluation of face validity; (3) inter-rater reliability by four raters (two pairs) who made 34 assessments in 17 older patients with mild stroke in an acute ward. Results The inter-rater reliability for the EFPT was good. The median was 88% of the percentage agreement. No occasional disagreement was found between the raters, but there was a systematic disagreement in one out of 20 items. The translation and face validity process resulted in further clarification of the semantic and cultural equivalence of the EFPT, and the manual was changed accordingly. Conclusion This study showed that inter-rater reliability was good and that the EFPT was found to be an interesting assessment, although further research is needed. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40397

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Use of the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT) in an early supported discharge programme for stroke patients in Singapore / Zhenzhen Chen in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015) Titre : Use of the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT) in an early supported discharge programme for stroke patients in Singapore Titre original : British Journal of Occupational Therapy September 2015 78: 570-575 Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zhenzhen Chen, Auteur ; Jia Yen Eng, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Stroke rehabilitation  occupational therapy  Singapore Résumé : Introduction This short report describes the use of the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT) in an early supported discharge programme for stroke patients in Singapore. Method The Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy was assessed at the start and end of the early supported discharge programme and differences were statistically analysed. Findings All Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy scales demonstrated statistically significant change over time. The most commonly used scales were ‘Upper limb use’, ‘Functional walking and mobility’ and ‘Community life, recreation, leisure and play’, reflecting the pertinent types of occupational therapy intervention used in stroke rehabilitation in the home setting. Conclusion This study shows that the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy is a useful outcome measure that can be used to articulate the administered occupational therapy interventions to members of the multi-disciplinary team and support the effectiveness of occupational therapy in stroke rehabilitation. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40398 [article] Use of the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT) in an early supported discharge programme for stroke patients in Singapore = British Journal of Occupational Therapy September 2015 78: 570-575 [texte imprimé] / Zhenzhen Chen, Auteur ; Jia Yen Eng, Auteur . - 2015. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015) Mots-clés : Stroke rehabilitation  occupational therapy  Singapore Résumé : Introduction This short report describes the use of the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT) in an early supported discharge programme for stroke patients in Singapore. Method The Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy was assessed at the start and end of the early supported discharge programme and differences were statistically analysed. Findings All Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy scales demonstrated statistically significant change over time. The most commonly used scales were ‘Upper limb use’, ‘Functional walking and mobility’ and ‘Community life, recreation, leisure and play’, reflecting the pertinent types of occupational therapy intervention used in stroke rehabilitation in the home setting. Conclusion This study shows that the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy is a useful outcome measure that can be used to articulate the administered occupational therapy interventions to members of the multi-disciplinary team and support the effectiveness of occupational therapy in stroke rehabilitation. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40398

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A pilot project of the learning experience of undergraduate occupational therapy students in a three-dimensional virtual environment in the United Kingdom / Angela D. Hook in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015) Titre : A pilot project of the learning experience of undergraduate occupational therapy students in a three-dimensional virtual environment in the United Kingdom Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Angela D. Hook, Auteur ; Sarah BODELL, Auteur ; Lee Griffiths, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Occupational therapy education  three-dimensional (3D) virtual learning  Second Life Résumé : Introduction This pilot study explored the learning experience of four undergraduate occupational therapy students within the online virtual environment, Second Life. The study aimed to explore the feasibility of learning how to facilitate occupational performance in a home environment via a virtual platform. Method A house was developed within Second Life that simulated simple barriers to occupational performance that may be experienced by a wheelchair user. By means of a virtual human representation of themselves (or ‘avatar’), students were asked to navigate through the house and attempt to remedy any barriers they found. They were observed doing this and substantive notes including descriptions, recorded quotes and summaries of the experience were taken by the first educator/researcher. This was followed by a one-to-one semi-structured interview conducted by the second educator/researcher. All data were transcribed as appropriate, coded and analysed thematically. Findings Themes identified include the relationship between the student and the avatar, the student experience of the task, interaction with the Second Life environment and development of new knowledge and understanding. There is potential for learning about barriers to occupational performance in the home via Second Life. Conclusion Further research is recommended to evaluate the potential value of teaching and learning about environmental adaptation in a three-dimensional world. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40399 [article] A pilot project of the learning experience of undergraduate occupational therapy students in a three-dimensional virtual environment in the United Kingdom [texte imprimé] / Angela D. Hook, Auteur ; Sarah BODELL, Auteur ; Lee Griffiths, Auteur . - 2015. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015) Mots-clés : Occupational therapy education  three-dimensional (3D) virtual learning  Second Life Résumé : Introduction This pilot study explored the learning experience of four undergraduate occupational therapy students within the online virtual environment, Second Life. The study aimed to explore the feasibility of learning how to facilitate occupational performance in a home environment via a virtual platform. Method A house was developed within Second Life that simulated simple barriers to occupational performance that may be experienced by a wheelchair user. By means of a virtual human representation of themselves (or ‘avatar’), students were asked to navigate through the house and attempt to remedy any barriers they found. They were observed doing this and substantive notes including descriptions, recorded quotes and summaries of the experience were taken by the first educator/researcher. This was followed by a one-to-one semi-structured interview conducted by the second educator/researcher. All data were transcribed as appropriate, coded and analysed thematically. Findings Themes identified include the relationship between the student and the avatar, the student experience of the task, interaction with the Second Life environment and development of new knowledge and understanding. There is potential for learning about barriers to occupational performance in the home via Second Life. Conclusion Further research is recommended to evaluate the potential value of teaching and learning about environmental adaptation in a three-dimensional world. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40399

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Occupational therapy and European social reform: Complacent or contributing? / Linda Renton in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015) . - p.585-588 Titre : Occupational therapy and European social reform: Complacent or contributing? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Linda Renton, Auteur ; Hanneke van Bruggen, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.585-588 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social reform  occupational therapy Résumé : This opinion piece presents an informed opinion on occupational therapy and social reform. It questions why only a few occupational therapists have responded to the social issues evident in Europe. It recognises that although some European occupational therapists worked with social reform before the introduction of the Bologna and Tuning Processes, both offered important direction in relation to considering society’s needs in occupational therapy education. These processes revealed social injustice, which underpinned a different occupational therapy education focusing not only on the individual but also on populations and social reform. Social reform projects including work in Eastern Europe are presented. Occupational therapists are urged to minimise complacency toward addressing social reform and are challenged to develop new approaches to contribute to social reform. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40400 [article] Occupational therapy and European social reform: Complacent or contributing? [texte imprimé] / Linda Renton, Auteur ; Hanneke van Bruggen, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.585-588. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Volume 78 numéro 9 (Septembre 2015) . - p.585-588 Mots-clés : Social reform  occupational therapy Résumé : This opinion piece presents an informed opinion on occupational therapy and social reform. It questions why only a few occupational therapists have responded to the social issues evident in Europe. It recognises that although some European occupational therapists worked with social reform before the introduction of the Bologna and Tuning Processes, both offered important direction in relation to considering society’s needs in occupational therapy education. These processes revealed social injustice, which underpinned a different occupational therapy education focusing not only on the individual but also on populations and social reform. Social reform projects including work in Eastern Europe are presented. Occupational therapists are urged to minimise complacency toward addressing social reform and are challenged to develop new approaches to contribute to social reform. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40400

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