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Acquired spatial dyslexia / Eric Siéroff in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 155-159 Titre : Acquired spatial dyslexia Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Eric Siéroff, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 155-159 Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) Mots-clés : Neuropsychologie  Dyslexie  Concentration  Neuropsychology,Alexia,Dyslexia,Attention,Spatial neglect Résumé : Acquired spatial dyslexia is a reading disorder frequently occurring after left or right posterior brain lesions. This article describes several types of spatial dyslexia with an attentional approach. After right posterior lesions, patients show left neglect dyslexia with errors on the left side of text, words, and non-words. The deficit is frequently associated with left unilateral spatial neglect. Severe left neglect dyslexia can be detected with unlimited exposure duration of words or non-words. Minor neglect dyslexia is detected with brief presentation of bilateral words, one in the left and one in the right visual field (phenomenon of contralesional extinction). Neglect dyslexia can be explained as a difficulty in orienting attention to the left side of verbal stimuli. With left posterior lesions, spatial dyslexia is also frequent but multiform. Right neglect dyslexia is frequent, but right unilateral spatial neglect is rare. Attentional dyslexia represents difficulty in selecting a stimulus, letter or word among other similar stimuli; it is a deficit of attentional selection, and the left hemisphere plays a crucial role in selection. Two other types of spatial dyslexia can be found after left posterior lesions: paradoxical ipsilesional extinction and stimulus-centred neglect dyslexia. Disconnections between left or right parietal attentional areas and the left temporal visual word form area could explain these deficits. Overall, a model of attention dissociating modulation, selection control, and selection positioning can help in understanding these reading disorders. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51668 [article] Acquired spatial dyslexia [texte imprimé] / Eric Siéroff, Auteur . - 2017 . - p. 155-159. Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 155-159 Mots-clés : Neuropsychologie  Dyslexie  Concentration  Neuropsychology,Alexia,Dyslexia,Attention,Spatial neglect Résumé : Acquired spatial dyslexia is a reading disorder frequently occurring after left or right posterior brain lesions. This article describes several types of spatial dyslexia with an attentional approach. After right posterior lesions, patients show left neglect dyslexia with errors on the left side of text, words, and non-words. The deficit is frequently associated with left unilateral spatial neglect. Severe left neglect dyslexia can be detected with unlimited exposure duration of words or non-words. Minor neglect dyslexia is detected with brief presentation of bilateral words, one in the left and one in the right visual field (phenomenon of contralesional extinction). Neglect dyslexia can be explained as a difficulty in orienting attention to the left side of verbal stimuli. With left posterior lesions, spatial dyslexia is also frequent but multiform. Right neglect dyslexia is frequent, but right unilateral spatial neglect is rare. Attentional dyslexia represents difficulty in selecting a stimulus, letter or word among other similar stimuli; it is a deficit of attentional selection, and the left hemisphere plays a crucial role in selection. Two other types of spatial dyslexia can be found after left posterior lesions: paradoxical ipsilesional extinction and stimulus-centred neglect dyslexia. Disconnections between left or right parietal attentional areas and the left temporal visual word form area could explain these deficits. Overall, a model of attention dissociating modulation, selection control, and selection positioning can help in understanding these reading disorders. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51668

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Attention and spatial cognition: Neural and anatomical substrates of visual neglect / Marine Lunven in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 124-129 Titre : Attention and spatial cognition: Neural and anatomical substrates of visual neglect Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Marine Lunven, Auteur ; Paolo Bartolomeo, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 124-129 Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) Mots-clés : Fonction cognitive  Visual neglect,Interhemispheric disconnection,Frontoparietal network,Chronic neglect,Visuospatial attention Résumé : Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is a neurological disorder often observed following damage to the right cerebral hemisphere. Patients with USN are no longer able to take into account stimuli presented on the left side of space. In this article, we will discuss the neuroanatomical correlates that underlie visuospatial attention and can cause USN, an area of growing research interest in the past 20 years. This syndrome has often been related to cortical damage, notably in the inferior parietal lobule. Other data have also implicated lesions in the inferior frontal gyrus or the superior temporal gyrus. In this article, we will highlight the relevance of viewing USN as a disconnection syndrome of interconnected cerebral areas, as opposed to a focal cortical syndrome. We will review data that provide evidence of intrahemispheric disconnection, in particular within the right hemisphere's frontoparietal networks connected by the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Recent findings suggest that interhemispheric disconnection could also contribute to the manifestations of USN. Most importantly, interhemispheric disconnection might be a predictive factor for the chronicity of this disorder. This hypothesis implies that the left hemisphere by itself is not able to compensate for the patients’ deficits. Recovery requires the ability to exchange information between the two hemispheres, particularly in the posterior parietal and occipital regions. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51671 [article] Attention and spatial cognition: Neural and anatomical substrates of visual neglect [texte imprimé] / Marine Lunven, Auteur ; Paolo Bartolomeo, Auteur . - 2017 . - p. 124-129. Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 124-129 Mots-clés : Fonction cognitive  Visual neglect,Interhemispheric disconnection,Frontoparietal network,Chronic neglect,Visuospatial attention Résumé : Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is a neurological disorder often observed following damage to the right cerebral hemisphere. Patients with USN are no longer able to take into account stimuli presented on the left side of space. In this article, we will discuss the neuroanatomical correlates that underlie visuospatial attention and can cause USN, an area of growing research interest in the past 20 years. This syndrome has often been related to cortical damage, notably in the inferior parietal lobule. Other data have also implicated lesions in the inferior frontal gyrus or the superior temporal gyrus. In this article, we will highlight the relevance of viewing USN as a disconnection syndrome of interconnected cerebral areas, as opposed to a focal cortical syndrome. We will review data that provide evidence of intrahemispheric disconnection, in particular within the right hemisphere's frontoparietal networks connected by the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Recent findings suggest that interhemispheric disconnection could also contribute to the manifestations of USN. Most importantly, interhemispheric disconnection might be a predictive factor for the chronicity of this disorder. This hypothesis implies that the left hemisphere by itself is not able to compensate for the patients’ deficits. Recovery requires the ability to exchange information between the two hemispheres, particularly in the posterior parietal and occipital regions. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51671

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Optic ataxia in Bálint-Holmes syndrome / Laure Pisella in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 148-154 Titre : Optic ataxia in Bálint-Holmes syndrome Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Laure Pisella, Auteur ; Yves Rossetti, Auteur ; Gilles Rode, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 148-154 Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) Mots-clés : Cerveau  Optic ataxia,Posterior parietal cortex,Dorsal attentional network Résumé : The objective of this review is to reinstate the diversity of visual perception and visuomotor symptoms following lesions to the posterior parietal cortex (dorsal visual stream). This diversity was overshadowed for a long time and shows the contribution of the dorsal visual stream not only to action but also to perception. More precisely, we propose that the visuomotor deficit in optic ataxia stems from two distinct components: visual proprioceptive deficit (hand effect) and visual attentional deficit (field effect) also affecting the perception in peripheral vision. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51682 [article] Optic ataxia in Bálint-Holmes syndrome [texte imprimé] / Laure Pisella, Auteur ; Yves Rossetti, Auteur ; Gilles Rode, Auteur . - 2017 . - p. 148-154. Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 148-154 Mots-clés : Cerveau  Optic ataxia,Posterior parietal cortex,Dorsal attentional network Résumé : The objective of this review is to reinstate the diversity of visual perception and visuomotor symptoms following lesions to the posterior parietal cortex (dorsal visual stream). This diversity was overshadowed for a long time and shows the contribution of the dorsal visual stream not only to action but also to perception. More precisely, we propose that the visuomotor deficit in optic ataxia stems from two distinct components: visual proprioceptive deficit (hand effect) and visual attentional deficit (field effect) also affecting the perception in peripheral vision. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51682

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Rehabilitation of unilateral neglect: Evidence-based medicine / Philippe Azouvi in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 191-197 Titre : Rehabilitation of unilateral neglect: Evidence-based medicine Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Philippe Azouvi, Auteur ; Jacques Luauté, Auteur ; Sophie Jacquin-Courtois, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 191-197 Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) Mots-clés : Rééducation fonctionnelle  Accident cérébrovasculaire  Médecine fondée sur les preuves  Unilateral neglect,Rehabilitation,Stroke Résumé : Background: In the last decades, several rehabilitation methods have been developed to improve spatial neglect. These can be classified according to their theoretical basis: (i) enhance awareness of neglect behaviour through a top-down mechanism; (ii) low-level bottom-up sensory stimulation; (iii) modulation of inhibitory processes; (iv) increase arousal. Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the evidence on the effectiveness of rehabilitation procedures for unilateral neglect. Method: A systematic search was performed to look for all randomised controlled trials aimed at reducing left spatial neglect that included a functional assessment. In addition, recent review papers and meta-analyses were analysed. Results: Thirty-seven randomized controlled trials were found (12 bottom-up; 12 top-down; 1 interhemispheric competition; 12 combination of approaches) that included 1027 patients with neglect. Although there are some encouraging results, overall, the level of evidence remains low. Poor methodological quality and small sample sizes are major limitations in many published trials. Conclusion: There is a need for well-conducted, large-scale randomised controlled trials that incorporate blinded assessments, evaluation of the generalization to activities of daily living and long-term follow-up. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51688 [article] Rehabilitation of unilateral neglect: Evidence-based medicine [texte imprimé] / Philippe Azouvi, Auteur ; Jacques Luauté, Auteur ; Sophie Jacquin-Courtois, Auteur . - 2017 . - p. 191-197. Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 191-197 Mots-clés : Rééducation fonctionnelle  Accident cérébrovasculaire  Médecine fondée sur les preuves  Unilateral neglect,Rehabilitation,Stroke Résumé : Background: In the last decades, several rehabilitation methods have been developed to improve spatial neglect. These can be classified according to their theoretical basis: (i) enhance awareness of neglect behaviour through a top-down mechanism; (ii) low-level bottom-up sensory stimulation; (iii) modulation of inhibitory processes; (iv) increase arousal. Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the evidence on the effectiveness of rehabilitation procedures for unilateral neglect. Method: A systematic search was performed to look for all randomised controlled trials aimed at reducing left spatial neglect that included a functional assessment. In addition, recent review papers and meta-analyses were analysed. Results: Thirty-seven randomized controlled trials were found (12 bottom-up; 12 top-down; 1 interhemispheric competition; 12 combination of approaches) that included 1027 patients with neglect. Although there are some encouraging results, overall, the level of evidence remains low. Poor methodological quality and small sample sizes are major limitations in many published trials. Conclusion: There is a need for well-conducted, large-scale randomised controlled trials that incorporate blinded assessments, evaluation of the generalization to activities of daily living and long-term follow-up. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51688

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Rise and fall of the two visual systems theory / Yves Rossetti in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 130-140 Titre : Rise and fall of the two visual systems theory Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yves Rossetti, Auteur ; Laure Pisella, Auteur ; Robert D. McIntosh, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 130-140 Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) Mots-clés : Vision  Vision,Action,Dorsal,Optic ataxia,Visuomotor Résumé : Among the many dissociations describing the visual system, the dual theory of two visual systems, respectively dedicated to perception and action, has yielded a lot of support. There are psychophysical, anatomical and neuropsychological arguments in favor of this theory. Several behavioral studies that used sensory and motor psychophysical parameters observed differences between perceptive and motor responses. The anatomical network of the visual system in the non-human primate was very readily organized according to two major pathways, dorsal and ventral. Neuropsychological studies, exploring optic ataxia and visual agnosia as characteristic deficits of these two pathways, led to the proposal of a functional double dissociation between visuomotor and visual perceptual functions. After a major wave of popularity that promoted great advances, particularly in knowledge of visuomotor functions, the guiding theory is now being reconsidered. Firstly, the idea of a double dissociation between optic ataxia and visual form agnosia, as cleanly separating visuomotor from visual perceptual functions, is no longer tenable; optic ataxia does not support a dissociation between perception and action and might be more accurately viewed as a negative image of action blindsight. Secondly, dissociations between perceptive and motor responses highlighted in the framework of this theory concern a very elementary level of action, even automatically guided action routines. Thirdly, the very rich interconnected network of the visual brain yields few arguments in favor of a strict perception/action dissociation. Overall, the dissociation between motor function and perceptive function explored by these behavioral and neuropsychological studies can help define an automatic level of action organization deficient in optic ataxia and preserved in action blindsight, and underlines the renewed need to consider the perception-action circle as a functional ensemble. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51690 [article] Rise and fall of the two visual systems theory [texte imprimé] / Yves Rossetti, Auteur ; Laure Pisella, Auteur ; Robert D. McIntosh, Auteur . - 2017 . - p. 130-140. Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 130-140 Mots-clés : Vision  Vision,Action,Dorsal,Optic ataxia,Visuomotor Résumé : Among the many dissociations describing the visual system, the dual theory of two visual systems, respectively dedicated to perception and action, has yielded a lot of support. There are psychophysical, anatomical and neuropsychological arguments in favor of this theory. Several behavioral studies that used sensory and motor psychophysical parameters observed differences between perceptive and motor responses. The anatomical network of the visual system in the non-human primate was very readily organized according to two major pathways, dorsal and ventral. Neuropsychological studies, exploring optic ataxia and visual agnosia as characteristic deficits of these two pathways, led to the proposal of a functional double dissociation between visuomotor and visual perceptual functions. After a major wave of popularity that promoted great advances, particularly in knowledge of visuomotor functions, the guiding theory is now being reconsidered. Firstly, the idea of a double dissociation between optic ataxia and visual form agnosia, as cleanly separating visuomotor from visual perceptual functions, is no longer tenable; optic ataxia does not support a dissociation between perception and action and might be more accurately viewed as a negative image of action blindsight. Secondly, dissociations between perceptive and motor responses highlighted in the framework of this theory concern a very elementary level of action, even automatically guided action routines. Thirdly, the very rich interconnected network of the visual brain yields few arguments in favor of a strict perception/action dissociation. Overall, the dissociation between motor function and perceptive function explored by these behavioral and neuropsychological studies can help define an automatic level of action organization deficient in optic ataxia and preserved in action blindsight, and underlines the renewed need to consider the perception-action circle as a functional ensemble. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51690

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Semiology of neglect: An update / Gilles Rode in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 177-185 Titre : Semiology of neglect: An update Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Gilles Rode, Auteur ; Laure Huchon, Auteur ; Chiara Pagliari, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 177-185 Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) Mots-clés : Symptôme neurologique  Système nerveux [pathologie]  Sémiologie  Neglect,Hemineglect,Unilateral spatial neglect,Sensory neglect,Motor neglect,Egocentric neglect,Allocentric neglect,Personal neglect,Extrapersonal neglect,Representational neglect Résumé : Hemispatial neglect is a common disabling condition following brain damage to the right hemisphere. Generally, it involves behavioral bias directed ipsilaterally to the damaged hemisphere and loss of spatial awareness for the contralesional side. In this syndrome, several clinical subtypes were identified. The objective of this article is to provide a nosological analysis of the recent data from the literature on the different subtypes of neglect (visual, auditory, somatosensory, motor, egocentric, allocentric and representational neglect), associated ipsilesional and contralesional productive manifestations and their anatomical lesion correlates. These different anatomical-clinical subtypes can be associated or dissociated. They reflect the heterogeneity of this unilateral neglect syndrome that cannot be approached or interpreted in a single manner. We propose that these subtypes result from different underlying deficits: exogenous attentional deficit (visual, auditory neglect); representational deficit (personal neglect, representational neglect, hyperschematia); shift of the egocentric reference frame (egocentric neglect); attentional deficit between objects and within objects (allocentric neglect), endogenous attentional deficit (representational neglect) and transsaccadic working memory or spatial remapping deficit (ipsilesional productive manifestations). Taking into account the different facets of the unilateral neglect syndrome should promote the development of more targeted cognitive rehabilitation protocols. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51692 [article] Semiology of neglect: An update [texte imprimé] / Gilles Rode, Auteur ; Laure Huchon, Auteur ; Chiara Pagliari, Auteur . - 2017 . - p. 177-185. Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 177-185 Mots-clés : Symptôme neurologique  Système nerveux [pathologie]  Sémiologie  Neglect,Hemineglect,Unilateral spatial neglect,Sensory neglect,Motor neglect,Egocentric neglect,Allocentric neglect,Personal neglect,Extrapersonal neglect,Representational neglect Résumé : Hemispatial neglect is a common disabling condition following brain damage to the right hemisphere. Generally, it involves behavioral bias directed ipsilaterally to the damaged hemisphere and loss of spatial awareness for the contralesional side. In this syndrome, several clinical subtypes were identified. The objective of this article is to provide a nosological analysis of the recent data from the literature on the different subtypes of neglect (visual, auditory, somatosensory, motor, egocentric, allocentric and representational neglect), associated ipsilesional and contralesional productive manifestations and their anatomical lesion correlates. These different anatomical-clinical subtypes can be associated or dissociated. They reflect the heterogeneity of this unilateral neglect syndrome that cannot be approached or interpreted in a single manner. We propose that these subtypes result from different underlying deficits: exogenous attentional deficit (visual, auditory neglect); representational deficit (personal neglect, representational neglect, hyperschematia); shift of the egocentric reference frame (egocentric neglect); attentional deficit between objects and within objects (allocentric neglect), endogenous attentional deficit (representational neglect) and transsaccadic working memory or spatial remapping deficit (ipsilesional productive manifestations). Taking into account the different facets of the unilateral neglect syndrome should promote the development of more targeted cognitive rehabilitation protocols. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51692

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The bodily self: Insights from clinical and experimental research / Sebastian Dieguez in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 198-207 Titre : The bodily self: Insights from clinical and experimental research Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sebastian Dieguez, Auteur ; Christophe Lopez, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 198-207 Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) Mots-clés : Autonomie  Recherche médicale  Bodily self,Asomatognosia,Illusions,Delusions,Virtual reality Résumé : This review article summarizes neuropsychological descriptions of abnormal body representations in brain-damaged patients and recent neuroscientific investigations of their sensorimotor underpinnings in healthy participants. The first part of the article describes unilateral disorders of the bodily self, such as asomatognosia, feelings of amputation, supernumerary phantom limbs and somatoparaphrenia, as well as descriptions of non-lateralized disorders of the bodily self, including Alice in Wonderland syndrome and autoscopic hallucinations. Because the sensorimotor mechanisms of these disorders are unclear, we focus on clinical descriptions and insist on the importance of reporting clinical cases to better understand the full range of bodily disorders encountered in neurological diseases. The second part of the article presents the advantages of merging neuroscientific approaches of the bodily self with immersive virtual reality, robotics and neuroprosthetics to foster the understanding of the multisensory, motor and neural mechanisms of bodily representations. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51693 [article] The bodily self: Insights from clinical and experimental research [texte imprimé] / Sebastian Dieguez, Auteur ; Christophe Lopez, Auteur . - 2017 . - p. 198-207. Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 198-207 Mots-clés : Autonomie  Recherche médicale  Bodily self,Asomatognosia,Illusions,Delusions,Virtual reality Résumé : This review article summarizes neuropsychological descriptions of abnormal body representations in brain-damaged patients and recent neuroscientific investigations of their sensorimotor underpinnings in healthy participants. The first part of the article describes unilateral disorders of the bodily self, such as asomatognosia, feelings of amputation, supernumerary phantom limbs and somatoparaphrenia, as well as descriptions of non-lateralized disorders of the bodily self, including Alice in Wonderland syndrome and autoscopic hallucinations. Because the sensorimotor mechanisms of these disorders are unclear, we focus on clinical descriptions and insist on the importance of reporting clinical cases to better understand the full range of bodily disorders encountered in neurological diseases. The second part of the article presents the advantages of merging neuroscientific approaches of the bodily self with immersive virtual reality, robotics and neuroprosthetics to foster the understanding of the multisensory, motor and neural mechanisms of bodily representations. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51693

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The contribution of virtual reality to the diagnosis of spatial navigation disorders and to the study of the role of navigational aids: A systematic literature review / Mélanie Cogné in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 164-176 Titre : The contribution of virtual reality to the diagnosis of spatial navigation disorders and to the study of the role of navigational aids: A systematic literature review Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mélanie Cogné, Auteur ; Mathieu Taillade, Auteur ; Bernard N'Kaoua, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 164-176 Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) Mots-clés : Vieillissement  Cerveau  Pathologie  Revue de littérature  Spatial navigation,Virtual reality,Brain-damaged patients,Ageing,Stimuli,Aid Résumé : Introduction : Spatial navigation, which involves higher cognitive functions, is frequently implemented in daily activities, and is critical to the participation of human beings in mainstream environments. Virtual reality is an expanding tool, which enables on one hand the assessment of the cognitive functions involved in spatial navigation, and on the other the rehabilitation of patients with spatial navigation difficulties. Topographical disorientation is a frequent deficit among patients suffering from neurological diseases. The use of virtual environments enables the information incorporated into the virtual environment to be manipulated empirically. But the impact of manipulations seems differ according to their nature (quantity, occurrence, and characteristics of the stimuli) and the target population. Methods : We performed a systematic review of research on virtual spatial navigation covering the period from 2005 to 2015. We focused first on the contribution of virtual spatial navigation for patients with brain injury or schizophrenia, or in the context of ageing and dementia, and then on the impact of visual or auditory stimuli on virtual spatial navigation. Results : On the basis of 6521 abstracts identified in 2 databases (Pubmed and Scopus) with the keywords « navigation » and « virtual », 1103 abstracts were selected by adding the keywords “ageing”, “dementia”, “brain injury”, “stroke”, “schizophrenia”, “aid”, “help”, “stimulus” and “cue”; Among these, 63 articles were included in the present qualitative analysis. Conclusion : Unlike pencil-and-paper tests, virtual reality is useful to assess large-scale navigation strategies in patients with brain injury or schizophrenia, or in the context of ageing and dementia. Better knowledge about both the impact of the different aids and the cognitive processes involved is essential for the use of aids in neurorehabilitation. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51694 [article] The contribution of virtual reality to the diagnosis of spatial navigation disorders and to the study of the role of navigational aids: A systematic literature review [texte imprimé] / Mélanie Cogné, Auteur ; Mathieu Taillade, Auteur ; Bernard N'Kaoua, Auteur . - 2017 . - p. 164-176. Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 164-176 Mots-clés : Vieillissement  Cerveau  Pathologie  Revue de littérature  Spatial navigation,Virtual reality,Brain-damaged patients,Ageing,Stimuli,Aid Résumé : Introduction : Spatial navigation, which involves higher cognitive functions, is frequently implemented in daily activities, and is critical to the participation of human beings in mainstream environments. Virtual reality is an expanding tool, which enables on one hand the assessment of the cognitive functions involved in spatial navigation, and on the other the rehabilitation of patients with spatial navigation difficulties. Topographical disorientation is a frequent deficit among patients suffering from neurological diseases. The use of virtual environments enables the information incorporated into the virtual environment to be manipulated empirically. But the impact of manipulations seems differ according to their nature (quantity, occurrence, and characteristics of the stimuli) and the target population. Methods : We performed a systematic review of research on virtual spatial navigation covering the period from 2005 to 2015. We focused first on the contribution of virtual spatial navigation for patients with brain injury or schizophrenia, or in the context of ageing and dementia, and then on the impact of visual or auditory stimuli on virtual spatial navigation. Results : On the basis of 6521 abstracts identified in 2 databases (Pubmed and Scopus) with the keywords « navigation » and « virtual », 1103 abstracts were selected by adding the keywords “ageing”, “dementia”, “brain injury”, “stroke”, “schizophrenia”, “aid”, “help”, “stimulus” and “cue”; Among these, 63 articles were included in the present qualitative analysis. Conclusion : Unlike pencil-and-paper tests, virtual reality is useful to assess large-scale navigation strategies in patients with brain injury or schizophrenia, or in the context of ageing and dementia. Better knowledge about both the impact of the different aids and the cognitive processes involved is essential for the use of aids in neurorehabilitation. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51694

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The ecological assessment of unilateral neglect / Philippe Azouvi in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 186-190 Titre : The ecological assessment of unilateral neglect Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Philippe Azouvi, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 186-190 Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) Mots-clés : Accident cérébrovasculaire  Évaluation  Unilateral neglect,Stroke,Assessment,Ecological validity Résumé : Conventional paper-and-pencil tests of unilateral neglect are of limited ecological validity. To address this issue, a number of assessment procedures have been proposed to provide clinicians and researchers with more ecologically valid assessments of unilateral neglect, which may be useful to plan rehabilitation and to measure the generalization of the effects of rehabilitation to daily life. We present here an overview of the different assessment measures available in the literature. The most widely used scales are the Behavioural Inattention Test (BIT), the semi-structured scales for assessment of personal and extra-personal neglect, the Subjective Neglect Questionnaire, the Baking Tray Task, the wheelchair obstacle course, the ADL-based neglect battery, and the Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS). The CBS is probably, to date, the most widely used behavioural assessment instrument for unilateral neglect. It has been found to be reliable, valid, and sensitive to change during rehabilitation. It also enables the assessment of awareness of the consequences of unilateral neglect in daily life skills. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51695 [article] The ecological assessment of unilateral neglect [texte imprimé] / Philippe Azouvi, Auteur . - 2017 . - p. 186-190. Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 186-190 Mots-clés : Accident cérébrovasculaire  Évaluation  Unilateral neglect,Stroke,Assessment,Ecological validity Résumé : Conventional paper-and-pencil tests of unilateral neglect are of limited ecological validity. To address this issue, a number of assessment procedures have been proposed to provide clinicians and researchers with more ecologically valid assessments of unilateral neglect, which may be useful to plan rehabilitation and to measure the generalization of the effects of rehabilitation to daily life. We present here an overview of the different assessment measures available in the literature. The most widely used scales are the Behavioural Inattention Test (BIT), the semi-structured scales for assessment of personal and extra-personal neglect, the Subjective Neglect Questionnaire, the Baking Tray Task, the wheelchair obstacle course, the ADL-based neglect battery, and the Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS). The CBS is probably, to date, the most widely used behavioural assessment instrument for unilateral neglect. It has been found to be reliable, valid, and sensitive to change during rehabilitation. It also enables the assessment of awareness of the consequences of unilateral neglect in daily life skills. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51695

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Using eye movements to explore mental representations of space / Myriam Fourtassi in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 160-163 Titre : Using eye movements to explore mental representations of space Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Myriam Fourtassi, Auteur ; Laure Pisella, Auteur ; Gilles Rode, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 160-163 Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) Mots-clés : Représentation  Vision  Oeil  Visual imagery,Ocular-tracking,Bi-dimensional regression,Mental representation of space Résumé : Visual mental imagery is a cognitive experience characterised by the activation of the mental representation of an object or scene in the absence of the corresponding stimulus. According to the analogical theory, mental representations have a pictorial nature that preserves the spatial characteristics of the environment that is mentally represented. This cognitive experience shares many similarities with the experience of visual perception, including eye movements. The mental visualisation of a scene is accompanied by eye movements that reflect the spatial content of the mental image, and which can mirror the deformations of this mental image with respect to the real image, such as asymmetries or size reduction. The present article offers a concise overview of the main theories explaining the interactions between eye movements and mental representations, with some examples of the studies supporting them. It also aims to explain how ocular-tracking could be a useful tool in exploring the dynamics of spatial mental representations, especially in pathological situations where these representations can be altered, for instance in unilateral spatial neglect. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51698 [article] Using eye movements to explore mental representations of space [texte imprimé] / Myriam Fourtassi, Auteur ; Laure Pisella, Auteur ; Gilles Rode, Auteur . - 2017 . - p. 160-163. Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 160-163 Mots-clés : Représentation  Vision  Oeil  Visual imagery,Ocular-tracking,Bi-dimensional regression,Mental representation of space Résumé : Visual mental imagery is a cognitive experience characterised by the activation of the mental representation of an object or scene in the absence of the corresponding stimulus. According to the analogical theory, mental representations have a pictorial nature that preserves the spatial characteristics of the environment that is mentally represented. This cognitive experience shares many similarities with the experience of visual perception, including eye movements. The mental visualisation of a scene is accompanied by eye movements that reflect the spatial content of the mental image, and which can mirror the deformations of this mental image with respect to the real image, such as asymmetries or size reduction. The present article offers a concise overview of the main theories explaining the interactions between eye movements and mental representations, with some examples of the studies supporting them. It also aims to explain how ocular-tracking could be a useful tool in exploring the dynamics of spatial mental representations, especially in pathological situations where these representations can be altered, for instance in unilateral spatial neglect. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51698

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Visual perception is dependent on visuospatial working memory and thus on the posterior parietal cortex / Laure Pisella in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 141-147 Titre : Visual perception is dependent on visuospatial working memory and thus on the posterior parietal cortex Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Laure Pisella, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 141-147 Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) Mots-clés : Vision  Mémoire visuelle  Mémoire  Cerveau  Visual perception,Spatial working memory,Trans-saccadic remapping,Posterior parietal cortex,Inhibition of return Résumé : Visual perception involves complex and active processes. We will start by explaining why visual perception is dependent on visuospatial working memory, especially the spatiotemporal integration of the perceived elements through the ocular exploration of visual scenes. Then we will present neuropsychology, transcranial magnetic stimulation and neuroimaging data yielding information on the specific role of the posterior parietal cortex of the right hemisphere in visuospatial working memory. Within the posterior parietal cortex, neuropsychology data also suggest that there might be dissociated neural substrates for deployment of attention (superior parietal lobules) and spatiotemporal integration (right inferior parietal lobule). Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51700 [article] Visual perception is dependent on visuospatial working memory and thus on the posterior parietal cortex [texte imprimé] / Laure Pisella, Auteur . - 2017 . - p. 141-147. Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 141-147 Mots-clés : Vision  Mémoire visuelle  Mémoire  Cerveau  Visual perception,Spatial working memory,Trans-saccadic remapping,Posterior parietal cortex,Inhibition of return Résumé : Visual perception involves complex and active processes. We will start by explaining why visual perception is dependent on visuospatial working memory, especially the spatiotemporal integration of the perceived elements through the ocular exploration of visual scenes. Then we will present neuropsychology, transcranial magnetic stimulation and neuroimaging data yielding information on the specific role of the posterior parietal cortex of the right hemisphere in visuospatial working memory. Within the posterior parietal cortex, neuropsychology data also suggest that there might be dissociated neural substrates for deployment of attention (superior parietal lobules) and spatiotemporal integration (right inferior parietal lobule). Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51700

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Visual verticality perception after stroke: A systematic review of methodological approaches and suggestions for standardization / Céline Piscicelli in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 208-216 Titre : Visual verticality perception after stroke: A systematic review of methodological approaches and suggestions for standardization Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Céline Piscicelli, Auteur ; Dominic Pérennou, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 208-216 Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) Mots-clés : Orientation spatiale  Accident cérébrovasculaire  Visual vertical,Spatial cognition,Stroke hemisphere,Brainstem,Cerebellar,Psychometrics Résumé : Objective: Visual vertical (VV) measurements are being increasingly used for routine clinical assessment of spatial cognition, to investigate otolithic vestibular function and identify altered verticality perception as a possible cause of postural disorders after stroke. The objective of this paper was to synthesize knowledge of assessment methods for testing VV after stroke. Methods: This systematic review, following the PRISMA statement, involved a search for articles in MEDLINE via PubMED published up to November 2015 by using the search terms “visual vertical,” “verticality perception” and “stroke”. We included only case or group studies on VV perception after hemispheric, brainstem or cerebellar strokes. Two authors independently assessed data on patients’ and VV assessment characteristics, outcome measures, ranges of normality and psychometric properties. Results: We assessed reports for 61 studies (1982 patients) of VV for hemispheric (n =43), brainstem (n =18) or cerebellar (n =8) stroke. VV assessment procedures varied widely in paradigm, type of stimulus, patient posture, number of trials and outcome measures. However, on the basis of recent studies it is recommended assessing VV in absolute darkness, with an even number of trials, from 6 to 10, with the body maintained upright. Under these conditions, normal VV orientation (mean of VV estimates) can be considered from −2.5° to 2.5° and is highly reliable for use in clinical practice and research. A difference ≥ 2° between repeated measures for a given patient can be interpreted as a real change in VV perception. Myriad of protocols have been proposed, for which psychometric properties must be better analyzed. Conclusions: This first review of VV assessment methods after stroke shows a great heterogeneity of procedures, settings and parameters, among which only some are eligible for standardization to limit measurement errors and better interpret the results. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51701 [article] Visual verticality perception after stroke: A systematic review of methodological approaches and suggestions for standardization [texte imprimé] / Céline Piscicelli, Auteur ; Dominic Pérennou, Auteur . - 2017 . - p. 208-216. Langues : Anglais (eng) Français (fre) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 60, n° 3 (June 2017) . - p. 208-216 Mots-clés : Orientation spatiale  Accident cérébrovasculaire  Visual vertical,Spatial cognition,Stroke hemisphere,Brainstem,Cerebellar,Psychometrics Résumé : Objective: Visual vertical (VV) measurements are being increasingly used for routine clinical assessment of spatial cognition, to investigate otolithic vestibular function and identify altered verticality perception as a possible cause of postural disorders after stroke. The objective of this paper was to synthesize knowledge of assessment methods for testing VV after stroke. Methods: This systematic review, following the PRISMA statement, involved a search for articles in MEDLINE via PubMED published up to November 2015 by using the search terms “visual vertical,” “verticality perception” and “stroke”. We included only case or group studies on VV perception after hemispheric, brainstem or cerebellar strokes. Two authors independently assessed data on patients’ and VV assessment characteristics, outcome measures, ranges of normality and psychometric properties. Results: We assessed reports for 61 studies (1982 patients) of VV for hemispheric (n =43), brainstem (n =18) or cerebellar (n =8) stroke. VV assessment procedures varied widely in paradigm, type of stimulus, patient posture, number of trials and outcome measures. However, on the basis of recent studies it is recommended assessing VV in absolute darkness, with an even number of trials, from 6 to 10, with the body maintained upright. Under these conditions, normal VV orientation (mean of VV estimates) can be considered from −2.5° to 2.5° and is highly reliable for use in clinical practice and research. A difference ≥ 2° between repeated measures for a given patient can be interpreted as a real change in VV perception. Myriad of protocols have been proposed, for which psychometric properties must be better analyzed. Conclusions: This first review of VV assessment methods after stroke shows a great heterogeneity of procedures, settings and parameters, among which only some are eligible for standardization to limit measurement errors and better interpret the results. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=51701

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