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A systematic review of professional reasoning literature in occupational therapy / Carolyn Unsworth in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016) . - p.5-16 Titre : A systematic review of professional reasoning literature in occupational therapy Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Carolyn Unsworth ; Anne Baker Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.5-16 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : clinical reasoning  novice-expert differences  professional reasoning Résumé : Introduction Over the past 33 years, theoretical and empirical articles have been published on professional reasoning in occupational therapy. This systematic review sought to answer two questions: (1) What is the nature and volume of professional reasoning literature; and (2) What do we know about the development of professional reasoning in students through literature exploring novice and expert differences? Method A systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature with narrative and critical analysis. Findings A total of 140 articles were classified into six topic areas: what is professional reasoning, ethics and moral reasoning?, methods of studying professional reasoning, novice–expert differences, professional reasoning of assistants, and advancing specific fields of practice using professional reasoning. Of these, 68% included analysis of data, and the remainder were discussions. Fourteen articles examining novice–expert differences were critiqued but only eight were rated as strong. Research findings prompt the need for reflection, extended fieldwork, and development of protocols to facilitate reasoning. Conclusion This is the first systematic review of the professional reasoning literature, and provides a foundation for more detailed critiques of specific topics to be undertaken. While research strengths have been identified, gaps include the use of standardised measures of professional reasoning and identification of educational approaches that promote professional reasoning. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42367 [article] A systematic review of professional reasoning literature in occupational therapy [texte imprimé] / Carolyn Unsworth ; Anne Baker . - 2016 . - p.5-16. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016) . - p.5-16 Mots-clés : clinical reasoning  novice-expert differences  professional reasoning Résumé : Introduction Over the past 33 years, theoretical and empirical articles have been published on professional reasoning in occupational therapy. This systematic review sought to answer two questions: (1) What is the nature and volume of professional reasoning literature; and (2) What do we know about the development of professional reasoning in students through literature exploring novice and expert differences? Method A systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature with narrative and critical analysis. Findings A total of 140 articles were classified into six topic areas: what is professional reasoning, ethics and moral reasoning?, methods of studying professional reasoning, novice–expert differences, professional reasoning of assistants, and advancing specific fields of practice using professional reasoning. Of these, 68% included analysis of data, and the remainder were discussions. Fourteen articles examining novice–expert differences were critiqued but only eight were rated as strong. Research findings prompt the need for reflection, extended fieldwork, and development of protocols to facilitate reasoning. Conclusion This is the first systematic review of the professional reasoning literature, and provides a foundation for more detailed critiques of specific topics to be undertaken. While research strengths have been identified, gaps include the use of standardised measures of professional reasoning and identification of educational approaches that promote professional reasoning. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42367

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The relationship between sensory processing disorders and eating problems among children with intellectual developmental deficits / Batya Engel-Yeger in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016) . - p.17-25 Titre : The relationship between sensory processing disorders and eating problems among children with intellectual developmental deficits Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Batya Engel-Yeger ; Reem Hardal-Nasser ; Eynat Gal Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.17-25 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : sensory processing disorder  eating  activities of daily living  intellectual developmental deficit Résumé : Introduction Sensory processing disorders are prevalent among children with intellectual developmental deficits and negatively impact their daily routines. Eating, which is a major part of daily routines, is known to be frequently impaired among children with intellectual developmental deficits. This study aimed to examine the relationships between sensory processing disorders and eating problems in children with different levels of intellectual developmental deficit. Method Participants were 91 children aged 4 to 9 years: 25 with mild intellectual developmental deficits, 32 with moderate intellectual developmental deficits and 34 with severe/profound intellectual developmental deficits. All participants were recruited from special education kindergartens/schools for children with intellectual developmental deficits. Participants' primary caregiver in school completed the screening tool of eating problems and the short sensory profile. Findings Significant correlations between sensory processing disorders and eating problems were found in each intellectual developmental deficit level (r = −.40, p ≤ .05 to r = −.57, p ≤ .001), but most correlations were found among children with moderate and severe/profound level. Energy level significantly predicted aspiration frequency; smell/taste sensitivity significantly predicted food selectivity and food refusal frequency. Conclusion Eating problems should be screened among children with intellectual developmental deficits according to intellectual developmental deficit severity and other related factors such as sensory processing disorders. Applying this approach in occupational therapy intervention may contribute to a child's adaptive behaviour and performance in daily routines. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42368 [article] The relationship between sensory processing disorders and eating problems among children with intellectual developmental deficits [texte imprimé] / Batya Engel-Yeger ; Reem Hardal-Nasser ; Eynat Gal . - 2016 . - p.17-25. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016) . - p.17-25 Mots-clés : sensory processing disorder  eating  activities of daily living  intellectual developmental deficit Résumé : Introduction Sensory processing disorders are prevalent among children with intellectual developmental deficits and negatively impact their daily routines. Eating, which is a major part of daily routines, is known to be frequently impaired among children with intellectual developmental deficits. This study aimed to examine the relationships between sensory processing disorders and eating problems in children with different levels of intellectual developmental deficit. Method Participants were 91 children aged 4 to 9 years: 25 with mild intellectual developmental deficits, 32 with moderate intellectual developmental deficits and 34 with severe/profound intellectual developmental deficits. All participants were recruited from special education kindergartens/schools for children with intellectual developmental deficits. Participants' primary caregiver in school completed the screening tool of eating problems and the short sensory profile. Findings Significant correlations between sensory processing disorders and eating problems were found in each intellectual developmental deficit level (r = −.40, p ≤ .05 to r = −.57, p ≤ .001), but most correlations were found among children with moderate and severe/profound level. Energy level significantly predicted aspiration frequency; smell/taste sensitivity significantly predicted food selectivity and food refusal frequency. Conclusion Eating problems should be screened among children with intellectual developmental deficits according to intellectual developmental deficit severity and other related factors such as sensory processing disorders. Applying this approach in occupational therapy intervention may contribute to a child's adaptive behaviour and performance in daily routines. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42368

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The match between everyday technology in public space and the ability of working-age people with acquired brain injury to use it / Camilla Malinowsky in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016) . - p.26-34 Titre : The match between everyday technology in public space and the ability of working-age people with acquired brain injury to use it Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Camilla Malinowsky ; Maria Larsson-Lund Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.26-34 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : acquired brain injury  everyday technology  public space Résumé : Introduction In today's society, the access to and use of everyday technology, such as cell phones and internet-based services, can be claimed as a condition for participation in many tasks in everyday life. This study aims to determine and compare levels of perceived access to and difficulties in the use of common everyday technologies in public space, among people with acquired brain injury compared with controls. Methods The perceived access to and difficulty in the use of 14 everyday technologies were investigated in a sample with acquired brain injury (n = 59; returned to work, n = 28; not returned to work, n = 31) and matched controls (n = 52) using the everyday technology use questionnaire. Findings Perceived access to the everyday technologies was generally high. The potential to use each of the everyday technologies independently or with minor difficulties significantly differed between controls and persons with acquired brain injury in eight of the 14 everyday technologies. In particular, difficulties were found among those persons with acquired brain injury who had not returned to work. Conclusion People with acquired brain injury perceive that they have access to everyday technologies commonly used in public space, but the everyday technology difficulty is not always satisfactorily matched to their ability to use it. To enable participation in society, it is important to consider both the accessibility and usability of everyday technology. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42369 [article] The match between everyday technology in public space and the ability of working-age people with acquired brain injury to use it [texte imprimé] / Camilla Malinowsky ; Maria Larsson-Lund . - 2016 . - p.26-34. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016) . - p.26-34 Mots-clés : acquired brain injury  everyday technology  public space Résumé : Introduction In today's society, the access to and use of everyday technology, such as cell phones and internet-based services, can be claimed as a condition for participation in many tasks in everyday life. This study aims to determine and compare levels of perceived access to and difficulties in the use of common everyday technologies in public space, among people with acquired brain injury compared with controls. Methods The perceived access to and difficulty in the use of 14 everyday technologies were investigated in a sample with acquired brain injury (n = 59; returned to work, n = 28; not returned to work, n = 31) and matched controls (n = 52) using the everyday technology use questionnaire. Findings Perceived access to the everyday technologies was generally high. The potential to use each of the everyday technologies independently or with minor difficulties significantly differed between controls and persons with acquired brain injury in eight of the 14 everyday technologies. In particular, difficulties were found among those persons with acquired brain injury who had not returned to work. Conclusion People with acquired brain injury perceive that they have access to everyday technologies commonly used in public space, but the everyday technology difficulty is not always satisfactorily matched to their ability to use it. To enable participation in society, it is important to consider both the accessibility and usability of everyday technology. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42369

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Self-care of children with arthrogryposis in Gauteng, South Africa / Frances Joubert in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016) . - p.35-41 Titre : Self-care of children with arthrogryposis in Gauteng, South Africa Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Frances Joubert ; Denise Franzsen Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.35-41 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : arthrogryposis  self-care independance  caregiver assistance Résumé : Introduction This study investigated the functional ability of children with arthrogryposis, aged 6 months to 7.5 years, in South Africa, with the focus on the execution of age-appropriate self-care tasks. The level of independence, amount of caregiver assistance and modifications used during each task were ascertained, to assist in guiding occupational therapy intervention. Method This study was based on a quantitative cross-sectional design, with 19 participants divided into age groups assessed using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Results The infant and toddler group performed above expected levels in the self-care domain, whereas the preschool and school-aged group performed below the expected level. A significant correlation between the amount of caregiver assistance needed and the participants’ level of independence was found especially in the preschool and school-aged group. There was little use of modifications even with occupational therapy intervention and participants relied on compensatory methods and assistance to execute self-care tasks. Conclusion This study indicated that children with arthrogryposis need intervention to promote the independent execution of self-care tasks, and reduce the need for caregiver assistance. Therapists are encouraged to make use of modifications in furthering the age-appropriate independence of this population. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42370 [article] Self-care of children with arthrogryposis in Gauteng, South Africa [texte imprimé] / Frances Joubert ; Denise Franzsen . - 2016 . - p.35-41. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016) . - p.35-41 Mots-clés : arthrogryposis  self-care independance  caregiver assistance Résumé : Introduction This study investigated the functional ability of children with arthrogryposis, aged 6 months to 7.5 years, in South Africa, with the focus on the execution of age-appropriate self-care tasks. The level of independence, amount of caregiver assistance and modifications used during each task were ascertained, to assist in guiding occupational therapy intervention. Method This study was based on a quantitative cross-sectional design, with 19 participants divided into age groups assessed using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Results The infant and toddler group performed above expected levels in the self-care domain, whereas the preschool and school-aged group performed below the expected level. A significant correlation between the amount of caregiver assistance needed and the participants’ level of independence was found especially in the preschool and school-aged group. There was little use of modifications even with occupational therapy intervention and participants relied on compensatory methods and assistance to execute self-care tasks. Conclusion This study indicated that children with arthrogryposis need intervention to promote the independent execution of self-care tasks, and reduce the need for caregiver assistance. Therapists are encouraged to make use of modifications in furthering the age-appropriate independence of this population. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42370

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New graduates’ experience of evidence-based practice: An action research study / Tara Morrison in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016) . - p.42-48 Titre : New graduates’ experience of evidence-based practice: An action research study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tara Morrison ; Linda Robertson Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.42-48 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : new graduates  evidence-based practice  theory-practice gap Résumé : Introduction The aim of this project was to explore how occupational therapy graduates in New Zealand engaged with evidence-based practice. Method The study adopted an action research approach. Five new graduates were recruited and worked with the researcher to identify practical problems related to using evidence-based practice and to propose solutions. Surveys, email and discussion groups were used to collect data over three action research cycles. Findings The main findings from this study were that new graduates are more likely to use research evidence when prompted to do this by their supervisor (or another external source) and that senior occupational therapists are identified as essential to both demonstrate and motivate evidence-based behaviours. New graduates used evidence to justify their practice to others, increase self-confidence and to inform themselves. The evidence used was commonly based on the expertise of senior therapists. Conclusion For new graduates the tasks of searching and evaluating evidence are secondary to developing and clarifying their clinical knowledge and skills. The expectations of the workplace and the partnership between new graduate and experienced clinician are highly influential in establishing regular habits related to evidence-based practice. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42371 [article] New graduates’ experience of evidence-based practice: An action research study [texte imprimé] / Tara Morrison ; Linda Robertson . - 2016 . - p.42-48. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016) . - p.42-48 Mots-clés : new graduates  evidence-based practice  theory-practice gap Résumé : Introduction The aim of this project was to explore how occupational therapy graduates in New Zealand engaged with evidence-based practice. Method The study adopted an action research approach. Five new graduates were recruited and worked with the researcher to identify practical problems related to using evidence-based practice and to propose solutions. Surveys, email and discussion groups were used to collect data over three action research cycles. Findings The main findings from this study were that new graduates are more likely to use research evidence when prompted to do this by their supervisor (or another external source) and that senior occupational therapists are identified as essential to both demonstrate and motivate evidence-based behaviours. New graduates used evidence to justify their practice to others, increase self-confidence and to inform themselves. The evidence used was commonly based on the expertise of senior therapists. Conclusion For new graduates the tasks of searching and evaluating evidence are secondary to developing and clarifying their clinical knowledge and skills. The expectations of the workplace and the partnership between new graduate and experienced clinician are highly influential in establishing regular habits related to evidence-based practice. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42371

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A Rasch analysis of the model of human occupation screening tool single observation form (MOHOST-SOF) in mental health / Donald Maciver in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016) . - p.49-56 Titre : A Rasch analysis of the model of human occupation screening tool single observation form (MOHOST-SOF) in mental health Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Donald Maciver ; Mary Morley ; Kirsty Forsyth Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.49-56 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : validity  reliability  effectiveness  inpatient  community  intervention  assessment Résumé : Introduction This study examined the psychometric properties of the model of human occupation screening tool single observation form. Method Clinical records were extracted pre- and post-treatment for 152 mental health service users. Data were model of human occupation screening tool single observation form scores and demographics. We investigated the form using Rasch analysis; we also present an analysis of change over time. Results We identified four misfitting items and evidence of instability with respect to change over time. After anchoring to adjust for unstable estimates, it was possible to measure client change, and there were significant differences in form scores pre–post treatment indicating client improvement in ability. Conclusion The study provides initial psychometric assessment of this version of the model of human occupation screening tool. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42372 [article] A Rasch analysis of the model of human occupation screening tool single observation form (MOHOST-SOF) in mental health [texte imprimé] / Donald Maciver ; Mary Morley ; Kirsty Forsyth . - 2016 . - p.49-56. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016) . - p.49-56 Mots-clés : validity  reliability  effectiveness  inpatient  community  intervention  assessment Résumé : Introduction This study examined the psychometric properties of the model of human occupation screening tool single observation form. Method Clinical records were extracted pre- and post-treatment for 152 mental health service users. Data were model of human occupation screening tool single observation form scores and demographics. We investigated the form using Rasch analysis; we also present an analysis of change over time. Results We identified four misfitting items and evidence of instability with respect to change over time. After anchoring to adjust for unstable estimates, it was possible to measure client change, and there were significant differences in form scores pre–post treatment indicating client improvement in ability. Conclusion The study provides initial psychometric assessment of this version of the model of human occupation screening tool. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42372

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Defining the environment to support occupational therapy intervention in mental health practice / Michele Harrison in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016) . - p.57-59 Titre : Defining the environment to support occupational therapy intervention in mental health practice Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michele Harrison ; Rocco Angarola ; Kirsty Forsyth Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.57-59 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : model of human occupation  activities of daily living  occupational participation Résumé : More than 450 million people have been estimated to have mental health disorders worldwide with many more experiencing mental health challenges, according to the World Health Organization. People with mental health challenges can find their environments not supportive of their engagement in meaningful daily activities of self-care, work and leisure. While occupational therapists value having an understanding of how the environment impacts on a person’s occupational participation, it has been argued that the concept has been poorly defined. The Model of Human Occupation provides a clinically useful definition of the environment. Moreover, the Model of Human Occupation provides clinical assessments and outcome measures that measure how the environment facilitates occupational participation. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42373 [article] Defining the environment to support occupational therapy intervention in mental health practice [texte imprimé] / Michele Harrison ; Rocco Angarola ; Kirsty Forsyth . - 2016 . - p.57-59. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°1 (January 2016) . - p.57-59 Mots-clés : model of human occupation  activities of daily living  occupational participation Résumé : More than 450 million people have been estimated to have mental health disorders worldwide with many more experiencing mental health challenges, according to the World Health Organization. People with mental health challenges can find their environments not supportive of their engagement in meaningful daily activities of self-care, work and leisure. While occupational therapists value having an understanding of how the environment impacts on a person’s occupational participation, it has been argued that the concept has been poorly defined. The Model of Human Occupation provides a clinically useful definition of the environment. Moreover, the Model of Human Occupation provides clinical assessments and outcome measures that measure how the environment facilitates occupational participation. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42373

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