Centre de Documentation Campus Montignies
Horaires :
Lundi : 8h-18h30
Mardi : 8h-18h30
Mercredi 9h-16h30
Jeudi : 8h-18h30
Vendredi : 8h-16h30
Attention, votre centre de documentation sera fermé du 27/04 au 12/05 inclus.
Lundi : 8h-18h30
Mardi : 8h-18h30
Mercredi 9h-16h30
Jeudi : 8h-18h30
Vendredi : 8h-16h30
Attention, votre centre de documentation sera fermé du 27/04 au 12/05 inclus.
Bienvenue sur le catalogue du centre de documentation du campus de Montignies.
Détail de l'auteur
Auteur ISALINE TIHON |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur
Ajouter le résultat dans votre panier Faire une suggestion Affiner la recherche
The Impact of Artificial Waterholes on the Movement of two African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the Greater Kruger National Park / ISALINE TIHON
Titre : The Impact of Artificial Waterholes on the Movement of two African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the Greater Kruger National Park Type de document : TFE / Mémoire Auteurs : ISALINE TIHON, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Note générale : Le fichier numérique de ce document est disponible uniquement pour les membres de la Haute Ecole Louvain-en-Hainaut ainsi que ses étudiants. Veuillez-vous connecter pour accéder à votre compte lecteur Langues : Français (fre) Mots-clés : AGRONOMIE TA Eléphants africains Index. décimale : TFE Technologie animalière TFE Technologie animalière Résumé : Abstract
The movement of elephants throughout the different seasons has been subject to many research papers. Understanding these movement patterns has allowed humans to predict what habitual routes elephants take and even to try and control them. However, with the building of artificial waterholes, these movements have been changed. Focusing on the location of artificial waterholes and rivers within the Greater Kruger National Park in South Africa, this research paper investigates the effect that waterholes have on the movement of two African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Therefore, the aim of this paper is to understand the frequency at which elephants use man-made waterholes in comparison to natural rivers and the consequences of this.
In the course of this paper, the African savanna elephant is described along with its habitat (in relation to the location that this study took place in). The human-elephant conflict is also portrayed to give a greater understanding of the problems when encounters with elephants are made and to identify possible solutions. Following this basic background knowledge, the movement of two African elephants (of different sexes) were then studied in relation to the location of artificial waterholes and rivers. Trap camera data was also taken at a dam, to understand the behavior and frequency at which an elephant goes to a water source. Finally, a questionnaire was sent out to different lodges and residential properties to further understand the potential conflicts between humans and elephants.
The conclusion of this paper gives an estimated idea that elephants use artificial waterholes more than they use rivers. It allows to understand that the consequence of this preference has increased the elephant population which makes contact with humans inevitable. Consequently, this has encouraged elephant management programs to arise in order to address this problem.
This paper puts in evidence that the waterholes are one of the main root cause of these problems and therefore the solutions should start there. Waterholes are not natural, they have changed the dynamics of the ecosystem and have allowed animals to live in places they otherwise wouldn’t live. This paper argues that while elephant management plans will only help for a brief moment, on the contrary, a reorganization of waterholes could have a much more appropriate long term effect.Note de contenu : Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... 5
PRESENTATION OF THE PRACTICUM ............................................................................... 9
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 11
1. THEORETICAL SECTION ............................................................................................. 13
1.1. LOXODONTA AFRICANA ............................................................................................... 13
1.1.1. Fact sheet .............................................................................................................. 13
1.1.2. The Digestive System ............................................................................................ 15
1.1.2.1. The Process ................................................................................................... 16
1.2. ELEPHANT BEHAVIOR ................................................................................................ 17
1.2.1. Family Structure ................................................................................................... 17
1.2.2. Reproduction ........................................................................................................ 17
1.2.2.1. Musth ............................................................................................................ 18
1.2.3. Communication ..................................................................................................... 19
1.2.3.1. Acoustic Communication ............................................................................. 19
1.2.3.2. Visual Communication ................................................................................. 19
1.2.3.3. Tactile Communication ................................................................................ 19
1.2.3.4. Seismic Communication ............................................................................... 19
1.2.3.5. Chemical Communication ............................................................................ 20
1.2.4. Migration Patterns ............................................................................................... 20
1.3. ELEPHANT HABITAT .................................................................................................. 22
1.3.1. Savanna Biome ..................................................................................................... 22
1.3.1.1. The 2016 Drought ......................................................................................... 23
1.3.2. Elephants’ Adaptations ........................................................................................ 24
1.4. THE HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT (HEC) ................................................................ 25
1.4.1. The Elephant Management Program ................................................................... 27
1.4.1.1. Culling and Cropping ................................................................................... 27
1.4.1.2. Contraception ............................................................................................... 28
1.4.1.3. Translocation ................................................................................................ 28
1.4.1.4. Habitat Extension ......................................................................................... 28
1.4.1.5. Habitat Restriction ........................................................................................ 29
1.5. OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES ................................................................................... 31
2. PRACTICAL SECTION .................................................................................................. 33
2.1. METHOD .................................................................................................................... 33
2.1.1. Collaring ............................................................................................................... 34
2.1.2. Data collection ..................................................................................................... 35
2.1.2.1. Temperature and Rainfall ............................................................................. 35
2.1.2.2. Waterholes .................................................................................................... 39
2.1.2.3. Tracking ........................................................................................................ 41
2.1.2.3.1. Charlise ..................................................................................................... 42
2.1.2.3.2. Soshangane ............................................................................................... 44
2.1.2.4. Trap Cameras ................................................................................................ 46
2.1.2.5. Questionnaire ................................................................................................ 47
2.2. RESULTS .................................................................................................................... 48
2.2.1. Charlise ................................................................................................................ 48
2.2.2 Soshangane ........................................................................................................... 51
2.3. DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................... 54
CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 59
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. 61
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. 63
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................... 65
ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................... 67Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=65737 The Impact of Artificial Waterholes on the Movement of two African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the Greater Kruger National Park [TFE / Mémoire] / ISALINE TIHON, Auteur . - 2016.
Le fichier numérique de ce document est disponible uniquement pour les membres de la Haute Ecole Louvain-en-Hainaut ainsi que ses étudiants. Veuillez-vous connecter pour accéder à votre compte lecteur
Langues : Français (fre)
Mots-clés : AGRONOMIE TA Eléphants africains Index. décimale : TFE Technologie animalière TFE Technologie animalière Résumé : Abstract
The movement of elephants throughout the different seasons has been subject to many research papers. Understanding these movement patterns has allowed humans to predict what habitual routes elephants take and even to try and control them. However, with the building of artificial waterholes, these movements have been changed. Focusing on the location of artificial waterholes and rivers within the Greater Kruger National Park in South Africa, this research paper investigates the effect that waterholes have on the movement of two African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Therefore, the aim of this paper is to understand the frequency at which elephants use man-made waterholes in comparison to natural rivers and the consequences of this.
In the course of this paper, the African savanna elephant is described along with its habitat (in relation to the location that this study took place in). The human-elephant conflict is also portrayed to give a greater understanding of the problems when encounters with elephants are made and to identify possible solutions. Following this basic background knowledge, the movement of two African elephants (of different sexes) were then studied in relation to the location of artificial waterholes and rivers. Trap camera data was also taken at a dam, to understand the behavior and frequency at which an elephant goes to a water source. Finally, a questionnaire was sent out to different lodges and residential properties to further understand the potential conflicts between humans and elephants.
The conclusion of this paper gives an estimated idea that elephants use artificial waterholes more than they use rivers. It allows to understand that the consequence of this preference has increased the elephant population which makes contact with humans inevitable. Consequently, this has encouraged elephant management programs to arise in order to address this problem.
This paper puts in evidence that the waterholes are one of the main root cause of these problems and therefore the solutions should start there. Waterholes are not natural, they have changed the dynamics of the ecosystem and have allowed animals to live in places they otherwise wouldn’t live. This paper argues that while elephant management plans will only help for a brief moment, on the contrary, a reorganization of waterholes could have a much more appropriate long term effect.Note de contenu : Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... 5
PRESENTATION OF THE PRACTICUM ............................................................................... 9
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 11
1. THEORETICAL SECTION ............................................................................................. 13
1.1. LOXODONTA AFRICANA ............................................................................................... 13
1.1.1. Fact sheet .............................................................................................................. 13
1.1.2. The Digestive System ............................................................................................ 15
1.1.2.1. The Process ................................................................................................... 16
1.2. ELEPHANT BEHAVIOR ................................................................................................ 17
1.2.1. Family Structure ................................................................................................... 17
1.2.2. Reproduction ........................................................................................................ 17
1.2.2.1. Musth ............................................................................................................ 18
1.2.3. Communication ..................................................................................................... 19
1.2.3.1. Acoustic Communication ............................................................................. 19
1.2.3.2. Visual Communication ................................................................................. 19
1.2.3.3. Tactile Communication ................................................................................ 19
1.2.3.4. Seismic Communication ............................................................................... 19
1.2.3.5. Chemical Communication ............................................................................ 20
1.2.4. Migration Patterns ............................................................................................... 20
1.3. ELEPHANT HABITAT .................................................................................................. 22
1.3.1. Savanna Biome ..................................................................................................... 22
1.3.1.1. The 2016 Drought ......................................................................................... 23
1.3.2. Elephants’ Adaptations ........................................................................................ 24
1.4. THE HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT (HEC) ................................................................ 25
1.4.1. The Elephant Management Program ................................................................... 27
1.4.1.1. Culling and Cropping ................................................................................... 27
1.4.1.2. Contraception ............................................................................................... 28
1.4.1.3. Translocation ................................................................................................ 28
1.4.1.4. Habitat Extension ......................................................................................... 28
1.4.1.5. Habitat Restriction ........................................................................................ 29
1.5. OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES ................................................................................... 31
2. PRACTICAL SECTION .................................................................................................. 33
2.1. METHOD .................................................................................................................... 33
2.1.1. Collaring ............................................................................................................... 34
2.1.2. Data collection ..................................................................................................... 35
2.1.2.1. Temperature and Rainfall ............................................................................. 35
2.1.2.2. Waterholes .................................................................................................... 39
2.1.2.3. Tracking ........................................................................................................ 41
2.1.2.3.1. Charlise ..................................................................................................... 42
2.1.2.3.2. Soshangane ............................................................................................... 44
2.1.2.4. Trap Cameras ................................................................................................ 46
2.1.2.5. Questionnaire ................................................................................................ 47
2.2. RESULTS .................................................................................................................... 48
2.2.1. Charlise ................................................................................................................ 48
2.2.2 Soshangane ........................................................................................................... 51
2.3. DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................... 54
CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 59
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. 61
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. 63
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................... 65
ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................... 67Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=65737 Exemplaires
Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire