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A critical review of the effectiveness of environmental assessment and modification in the prevention of falls amongst community dwelling older people / Alison Pighills in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016) . - p.133-143 Titre : A critical review of the effectiveness of environmental assessment and modification in the prevention of falls amongst community dwelling older people Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alison Pighills ; Claire Ballinger ; Ruth Pickering Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.133-143 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Environmental assessmen  accidental fall  older peopl  home assessment Résumé : Introduction The potential of environmental assessment and modification to reduce falls has recently received attention within the gerontology literature. Research investigating the clinical effectiveness of this intervention in falls prevention reports conflicting results. Discrepancies are due to variation in the risk profile of study participants and the health care background of the person providing the environmental intervention or the intensity of the intervention provided. Method The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast two systematic reviews, which include meta-analyses, of environmental interventions for falls prevention in community dwelling older people, using the critical appraisal skills programme tool for systematic reviews. Findings Both reviews found that: environmental assessment and modification was effective in falls prevention; intervention was effective with high but not low risk participants; and that high intensity environmental assessment was effective, whereas low intensity intervention was not. Environmental interventions which were delivered by occupational therapists were deemed high intensity, probably because their underpinning theoretical frameworks focus on the impact of the environment on function. Conclusion We discuss possible reasons why occupational therapist led environmental assessment and modification is clinically effective in falls prevention, for people at high risk of falls, whereas non occupational therapist led intervention is not. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42946 [article] A critical review of the effectiveness of environmental assessment and modification in the prevention of falls amongst community dwelling older people [texte imprimé] / Alison Pighills ; Claire Ballinger ; Ruth Pickering . - 2016 . - p.133-143. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016) . - p.133-143 Mots-clés : Environmental assessmen  accidental fall  older peopl  home assessment Résumé : Introduction The potential of environmental assessment and modification to reduce falls has recently received attention within the gerontology literature. Research investigating the clinical effectiveness of this intervention in falls prevention reports conflicting results. Discrepancies are due to variation in the risk profile of study participants and the health care background of the person providing the environmental intervention or the intensity of the intervention provided. Method The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast two systematic reviews, which include meta-analyses, of environmental interventions for falls prevention in community dwelling older people, using the critical appraisal skills programme tool for systematic reviews. Findings Both reviews found that: environmental assessment and modification was effective in falls prevention; intervention was effective with high but not low risk participants; and that high intensity environmental assessment was effective, whereas low intensity intervention was not. Environmental interventions which were delivered by occupational therapists were deemed high intensity, probably because their underpinning theoretical frameworks focus on the impact of the environment on function. Conclusion We discuss possible reasons why occupational therapist led environmental assessment and modification is clinically effective in falls prevention, for people at high risk of falls, whereas non occupational therapist led intervention is not. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42946

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Development of a staff training intervention for inpatient mental health rehabilitation units to increase service users’ engagement in activities / Sarah Cook in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016) . - p.144-152 Titre : Development of a staff training intervention for inpatient mental health rehabilitation units to increase service users’ engagement in activities Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sarah Cook ; Tim Mundy ; Helen Killaspy Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.144-152 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Staff training  multi-disciplinary  mental health  rehabilitation  activity  time use Résumé : Introduction This study developed a training intervention (‘GetREAL’) to change the practice of staff working in National Health Service inpatient mental health rehabilitation units in order to increase service users’ engagement in activities. Method The intervention was developed through eight consultation events and piloting in two settings, drawing on the expertise of occupational therapists, psychiatrists, organisational change specialists and service users, together with multi-disciplinary teams. Results A manual for the intervention, a fidelity checklist, an induction programme and training materials were produced. The intervention applied a three-stage change model (predisposing, enabling and reinforcing) and was informed by theories from occupational therapy and organisational development. It was delivered by psychiatrists, occupational therapists, activity workers and service users. Staff were encouraged to change their ward structures and routines as well as their practice. Clinical supervision and reflective practice were integral to the trainers’ regime. Conclusion The intervention was theoretically coherent, allied to practice and shown to be feasible to deliver. It offered tailored work-based training to the whole multi-disciplinary team, including support staff. Making activity central to rehabilitation could improve patients’ use of time and their consequent function and wellbeing. However, questions were raised about long-term sustainability of change processes. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42947 [article] Development of a staff training intervention for inpatient mental health rehabilitation units to increase service users’ engagement in activities [texte imprimé] / Sarah Cook ; Tim Mundy ; Helen Killaspy . - 2016 . - p.144-152. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016) . - p.144-152 Mots-clés : Staff training  multi-disciplinary  mental health  rehabilitation  activity  time use Résumé : Introduction This study developed a training intervention (‘GetREAL’) to change the practice of staff working in National Health Service inpatient mental health rehabilitation units in order to increase service users’ engagement in activities. Method The intervention was developed through eight consultation events and piloting in two settings, drawing on the expertise of occupational therapists, psychiatrists, organisational change specialists and service users, together with multi-disciplinary teams. Results A manual for the intervention, a fidelity checklist, an induction programme and training materials were produced. The intervention applied a three-stage change model (predisposing, enabling and reinforcing) and was informed by theories from occupational therapy and organisational development. It was delivered by psychiatrists, occupational therapists, activity workers and service users. Staff were encouraged to change their ward structures and routines as well as their practice. Clinical supervision and reflective practice were integral to the trainers’ regime. Conclusion The intervention was theoretically coherent, allied to practice and shown to be feasible to deliver. It offered tailored work-based training to the whole multi-disciplinary team, including support staff. Making activity central to rehabilitation could improve patients’ use of time and their consequent function and wellbeing. However, questions were raised about long-term sustainability of change processes. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42947

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Occupation-focused health promotion for well older people — A cost-effectiveness analysis / Magnus Zingmark in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016) . - p.153-162 Titre : Occupation-focused health promotion for well older people — A cost-effectiveness analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Magnus Zingmark ; Ingeborg Nilsson ; Anne G. Fisher Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.153-162 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Occupational therapy  occupational engagement  activity limitations  participation restrictions  health promotion  self-rated health  quality-adjusted life years  cost effectiveness Résumé : Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate three occupational therapy interventions, focused on supporting continued engagement in occupation among older people, to determine which intervention was most cost effective, evaluated as the incremental cost/quality adjusted life year gained. Method The study was based on an exploratory randomized controlled trial. Participants were 77–82 years, single living and without home help. One hundred and seventy seven persons were randomized to an individual intervention, an activity group, a discussion group or a no intervention control group. All interventions focused on supporting the participants to maintain or improve occupational engagement. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline, three and 12 months and included general health and costs (intervention, municipality and health care). Based on linear regression models, we evaluated how outcomes had changed at each follow-up for each intervention group in relation to the control group. Results Both group interventions resulted in quality adjusted life years gained at three months. A sustained effect on quality adjusted life years gained and lower total costs indicated that the discussion group was the most cost-effective intervention. Conclusion Short-term, occupation-focused occupational therapy intervention delivered in group formats for well older people resulted in quality-adjusted life years gained. A one-session discussion group was most cost effective. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42948 [article] Occupation-focused health promotion for well older people — A cost-effectiveness analysis [texte imprimé] / Magnus Zingmark ; Ingeborg Nilsson ; Anne G. Fisher . - 2016 . - p.153-162. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016) . - p.153-162 Mots-clés : Occupational therapy  occupational engagement  activity limitations  participation restrictions  health promotion  self-rated health  quality-adjusted life years  cost effectiveness Résumé : Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate three occupational therapy interventions, focused on supporting continued engagement in occupation among older people, to determine which intervention was most cost effective, evaluated as the incremental cost/quality adjusted life year gained. Method The study was based on an exploratory randomized controlled trial. Participants were 77–82 years, single living and without home help. One hundred and seventy seven persons were randomized to an individual intervention, an activity group, a discussion group or a no intervention control group. All interventions focused on supporting the participants to maintain or improve occupational engagement. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline, three and 12 months and included general health and costs (intervention, municipality and health care). Based on linear regression models, we evaluated how outcomes had changed at each follow-up for each intervention group in relation to the control group. Results Both group interventions resulted in quality adjusted life years gained at three months. A sustained effect on quality adjusted life years gained and lower total costs indicated that the discussion group was the most cost-effective intervention. Conclusion Short-term, occupation-focused occupational therapy intervention delivered in group formats for well older people resulted in quality-adjusted life years gained. A one-session discussion group was most cost effective. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42948

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The association between measures of visual perception, visual-motor integration, and in-hand manipulation skills of school-age children and their manuscript handwriting speed / Ted Brown in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016) . - p.163-171 Titre : The association between measures of visual perception, visual-motor integration, and in-hand manipulation skills of school-age children and their manuscript handwriting speed Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ted Brown ; Julia Link Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.163-171 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Manuscript handwriting  printing  speed  visual perception  visual-motor integration  in-hand manipulation  occupational therapy  children Résumé : Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate whether measures of visual perception, visual-motor integration, and in-hand manipulation skills of school-age children were associated with their manuscript handwriting speed. Method A convenience sample of 39 typically developing Australian students aged six to eight years completed the Beery–Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration – 6th edition (DTVMI), the Developmental Test of Visual Perception – 3rd edition (DTVP-3), the Test of In-Hand Manipulation – Revised (TIHM-R), and the Handwriting Speed Test (HST). Spearman rho correlations and multi-linear regression analyses were completed to analyze the data. Results Significant correlations were found between visual perception, visual-motor integration, and in-hand manipulation skills and total letters written and total letters per minute. Regression analyses indicated that, when modeled together, the DTVP-3 eye–hand coordination and visual closure subscales and the TIHM-R were significant predictors of total letters written accounting for 25.5% of the variance. The DTVP-3 copying and visual closure subscales and the TIHM-R were predictive of total letters written per minute, with the TIHM-R making a significant unique contribution of 9.1% to the total variance of 26%. Conclusion Visual perception abilities, specifically visual closure skills, plus in-hand manipulation skills appear to be significant predictors of children’s printing speed and need to be assessed and potentially targeted for skill remediation when working with school-age children who present with manuscript handwriting difficulties. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42949 [article] The association between measures of visual perception, visual-motor integration, and in-hand manipulation skills of school-age children and their manuscript handwriting speed [texte imprimé] / Ted Brown ; Julia Link . - 2016 . - p.163-171. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016) . - p.163-171 Mots-clés : Manuscript handwriting  printing  speed  visual perception  visual-motor integration  in-hand manipulation  occupational therapy  children Résumé : Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate whether measures of visual perception, visual-motor integration, and in-hand manipulation skills of school-age children were associated with their manuscript handwriting speed. Method A convenience sample of 39 typically developing Australian students aged six to eight years completed the Beery–Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration – 6th edition (DTVMI), the Developmental Test of Visual Perception – 3rd edition (DTVP-3), the Test of In-Hand Manipulation – Revised (TIHM-R), and the Handwriting Speed Test (HST). Spearman rho correlations and multi-linear regression analyses were completed to analyze the data. Results Significant correlations were found between visual perception, visual-motor integration, and in-hand manipulation skills and total letters written and total letters per minute. Regression analyses indicated that, when modeled together, the DTVP-3 eye–hand coordination and visual closure subscales and the TIHM-R were significant predictors of total letters written accounting for 25.5% of the variance. The DTVP-3 copying and visual closure subscales and the TIHM-R were predictive of total letters written per minute, with the TIHM-R making a significant unique contribution of 9.1% to the total variance of 26%. Conclusion Visual perception abilities, specifically visual closure skills, plus in-hand manipulation skills appear to be significant predictors of children’s printing speed and need to be assessed and potentially targeted for skill remediation when working with school-age children who present with manuscript handwriting difficulties. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42949

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The relationship between gross motor function ability and time use in mothers of children with cerebral palsy / Mina Ahmadi Kahjoogh in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016) . - p.172-177 Titre : The relationship between gross motor function ability and time use in mothers of children with cerebral palsy Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mina Ahmadi Kahjoogh ; Mehdi Rassafiani ; Ali Tahmasebi Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.172-177 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gross motor function classification system  mothers of children with cerebral palsy  time use Résumé : Introduction According to the World Health Organization, the balanced usage of time contributes to the health and welfare of individuals. Caring for a child with cerebral palsy imposes an extra pressure on parents, especially mothers as the main caregiver. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between gross motor function ability of children with cerebral palsy and time use of their mothers. Method Sixty mothers of children with cerebral palsy, sampled conveniently, participated in this cross-sectional study. Children aged between 6 and 11 years with a mean age of 9.04 years old (SD = 2.8). The Farsi version of Mothers’ Time Use Questionnaire and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) were utilized to collect data. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated. Results The results demonstrated that the allocated time for childcare (rs = 0.44) and leisure (rs = −0.37) activities in mothers have significant correlations with gross motor function abilities of their children (P < 0.05). Conclusion Mothers who have children with higher scores according to the GMFCS, had to invest more time to meet needs of childcare activities. Consequently, they were not able to follow their interests and they felt an imbalanced use of time in their life. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42950 [article] The relationship between gross motor function ability and time use in mothers of children with cerebral palsy [texte imprimé] / Mina Ahmadi Kahjoogh ; Mehdi Rassafiani ; Ali Tahmasebi . - 2016 . - p.172-177. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016) . - p.172-177 Mots-clés : Gross motor function classification system  mothers of children with cerebral palsy  time use Résumé : Introduction According to the World Health Organization, the balanced usage of time contributes to the health and welfare of individuals. Caring for a child with cerebral palsy imposes an extra pressure on parents, especially mothers as the main caregiver. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between gross motor function ability of children with cerebral palsy and time use of their mothers. Method Sixty mothers of children with cerebral palsy, sampled conveniently, participated in this cross-sectional study. Children aged between 6 and 11 years with a mean age of 9.04 years old (SD = 2.8). The Farsi version of Mothers’ Time Use Questionnaire and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) were utilized to collect data. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated. Results The results demonstrated that the allocated time for childcare (rs = 0.44) and leisure (rs = −0.37) activities in mothers have significant correlations with gross motor function abilities of their children (P < 0.05). Conclusion Mothers who have children with higher scores according to the GMFCS, had to invest more time to meet needs of childcare activities. Consequently, they were not able to follow their interests and they felt an imbalanced use of time in their life. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42950

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A qualitative exploration of a community-based singing activity on the recovery process of people living with mental illness / Martin Lagacé in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016) . - p.178-187 Titre : A qualitative exploration of a community-based singing activity on the recovery process of people living with mental illness Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Martin Lagacé ; Catherine Briand ; Julie Desrosiers Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.178-187 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Recovery  mental health  meaningful activity  community-based service  singing activity Résumé : Introduction This study first aims to qualitatively explore the benefits of a community-based singing activity taking place in Montreal, Canada. The second aim is to identify the activity’s essential components that potentially explain these benefits. Method An exploratory evaluative design involving qualitative descriptive methods was used. Thirteen individuals with various mental illnesses, the voice teacher and the activity coordinator participated in a group interview. Findings Four main benefits emerged from the participants’ interviews: (1) rediscovering identity and gaining self-confidence; (2) resuming and engaging in meaningful occupations and projects; (3) learning to collaborate with others and improving social skills; (4) improving physical condition and cognitive skills. The essential components of the activity were identified as: a normalizing environment and the absence of stigma; high expectations and support for participants; teacher-led stress relief exercises and activities; the use of singing as an activity to express emotions and stimulate cognitive functions. Conclusion This community-based singing activity appears to have contributed to the recovery process of its participants. There is a clear role for occupational therapists to promote, facilitate and support such activities outside traditional mental health services, since the participants were looking for occupational participation opportunities in normalizing community contexts. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42952 [article] A qualitative exploration of a community-based singing activity on the recovery process of people living with mental illness [texte imprimé] / Martin Lagacé ; Catherine Briand ; Julie Desrosiers . - 2016 . - p.178-187. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016) . - p.178-187 Mots-clés : Recovery  mental health  meaningful activity  community-based service  singing activity Résumé : Introduction This study first aims to qualitatively explore the benefits of a community-based singing activity taking place in Montreal, Canada. The second aim is to identify the activity’s essential components that potentially explain these benefits. Method An exploratory evaluative design involving qualitative descriptive methods was used. Thirteen individuals with various mental illnesses, the voice teacher and the activity coordinator participated in a group interview. Findings Four main benefits emerged from the participants’ interviews: (1) rediscovering identity and gaining self-confidence; (2) resuming and engaging in meaningful occupations and projects; (3) learning to collaborate with others and improving social skills; (4) improving physical condition and cognitive skills. The essential components of the activity were identified as: a normalizing environment and the absence of stigma; high expectations and support for participants; teacher-led stress relief exercises and activities; the use of singing as an activity to express emotions and stimulate cognitive functions. Conclusion This community-based singing activity appears to have contributed to the recovery process of its participants. There is a clear role for occupational therapists to promote, facilitate and support such activities outside traditional mental health services, since the participants were looking for occupational participation opportunities in normalizing community contexts. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42952

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Enabling participation of students through school-based occupational therapy services: Towards a broader scope of practice / Madeleine Bonnard in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016) . - p.188-192 Titre : Enabling participation of students through school-based occupational therapy services: Towards a broader scope of practice Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Madeleine Bonnard ; Dana Anaby Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.188-192 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Occupational therapy  participation  education Résumé : Both students with disabilities and their typically-developing peers exhibit alarming participation deficits that involve many occupational areas of their school experience. Enabling participation in school-related occupations as the goal of school-based occupational therapy services invokes practice breadth. However, the documented focus of practice appears narrow, and there is an apparent paucity of evidence to describe how school participation is enabled. This paper discusses the complex concept of participation and how it can be applied in the school setting, while drawing upon occupational therapy elements. Redirecting attention towards participation can expand the scope of school-based occupational therapy to its intended broad perspective. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42953 [article] Enabling participation of students through school-based occupational therapy services: Towards a broader scope of practice [texte imprimé] / Madeleine Bonnard ; Dana Anaby . - 2016 . - p.188-192. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°3 (March 2016) . - p.188-192 Mots-clés : Occupational therapy  participation  education Résumé : Both students with disabilities and their typically-developing peers exhibit alarming participation deficits that involve many occupational areas of their school experience. Enabling participation in school-related occupations as the goal of school-based occupational therapy services invokes practice breadth. However, the documented focus of practice appears narrow, and there is an apparent paucity of evidence to describe how school participation is enabled. This paper discusses the complex concept of participation and how it can be applied in the school setting, while drawing upon occupational therapy elements. Redirecting attention towards participation can expand the scope of school-based occupational therapy to its intended broad perspective. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42953

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