| Titre : |
Determination of environmental quality of water and soil samples collected from the selected areas of Gorce National Park |
| Type de document : |
TFE / Mémoire |
| Auteurs : |
Charlotte Racot, Auteur ; Olivier Janssens, Directeur de publication, rédacteur en chef |
| Année de publication : |
2017 |
| Note générale : |
Le fichier numérique de ce document est disponible uniquement pour les membres de la Haute Ecole Louvain-en-Hainaut ainsi que ses étudiants. Veuillez vous connecter pour accéder à votre compte lecteur |
| Langues : |
Français (fre) |
| Mots-clés : |
Agronomie AIBT Erasmus Gorce National Park Pologne |
| Index. décimale : |
TFE AIBT TFE Agro-industries et biotechnologies |
| Résumé : |
Gorce National Park is supposed to be a protected area. However, pollution is ubiquitous. It comes from human wastes from tourists and local population, the management of meadows or it could come from industries in the south of Poland.
It is why, the aim of this study is the determination of the content of selected pollutants of water and soil in samples collected from the selected areas of Gorce National Park. But also an assessment of their overall environmental impact.
The different analyses include the use of analytical techniques. Several parameters such as temperature, oxygen indicator, biogenic indicator (e.g. nitrate, ammonia, phosphate) and salinity indicators (e.g. pH, hardness, conductivity) were measured on water samples.
Thanks to those, we were able to determine the quality of water and the concentration of Zinc, Cadmium and Lead in soil. The results showed that there is no pollution in the Kamienica creek. They also detected a slight pollution of those three heavy metals in the investigated soil samples. |
| Note de contenu : |
Table of contents
Internship presentation ........................................................................................................................... 7
General introduction ............................................................................................................................... 8
Motivation ............................................................................................................................................... 9
1. Theoretical part ............................................................................................................................. 10
1.1. The Gorce national Park ........................................................................................................ 10
1.2. The main sources of the pollution in southern Poland ......................................................... 11
1.3. Pollution of soil ...................................................................................................................... 12
1.3.1. Heavy metals: The European standards for water and sediments contaminations ..... 12
1.3.1.1. Zinc ........................................................................................................................ 14
1.3.1.2. Lead ....................................................................................................................... 14
1.3.1.3. Cadmium ............................................................................................................... 15
1.4. Pollution of water .................................................................................................................. 16
1.4.1. Water Framework Directive (WFD) ............................................................................... 16
1.4.2. Physical water quality indicator - temperature ............................................................. 18
1.4.3. Chemical water quality indicators ................................................................................. 18
1.4.3.1. Biogenic indicators ................................................................................................ 18
1.4.3.2. Oxygen indicators .................................................................................................. 19
1.4.3.3. Salinity indicators .................................................................................................. 21
1.5. Analytical techniques ............................................................................................................ 24
1.5.1. Volumetric methods ...................................................................................................... 24
1.5.2. Spectrophotometric methods ....................................................................................... 26
1.5.2.1. UV-Vis spectroscopy .............................................................................................. 26
1.5.2.2. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry .......................................................................... 28
1.5.3. Potentiometric methods ............................................................................................... 29
2. Materials and methods ................................................................................................................. 30
2.1. Collected samples .................................................................................................................. 30
2.2. Analytical protocols ............................................................................................................... 32
2.2.1. Determination of biogenic indicators ............................................................................ 32
2.2.1.1. Ammonium test ..................................................................................................... 32
2.2.1.2. Nitrates(V) ............................................................................................................. 33
2.2.1.3. Nitrites(III) .............................................................................................................. 36
2.2.1.4. Test for phosphates ............................................................................................... 40
2.2.2. Determination of oxygen indicator: Chemical Oxygen Demand ................................... 40
2.2.3. Determination of salinity indicators .............................................................................. 41
2.2.3.1. Hardness test ......................................................................................................... 41
2.2.3.2. Chloride test .......................................................................................................... 41
2.2.3.3. Test for sulphides .................................................................................................. 42
2.2.3.4. Test sulphates ........................................................................................................ 43
2.2.4. Analyse of heavy metals by AAS .................................................................................... 43
2.2.4.1. Obtained results after analysis of Cd, Pb and Zn ................................................... 44
3. Results ........................................................................................................................................... 45
3.1. Quantitative and qualitative measurements of soil pollutants ............................................ 45
3.1.1. Determination of Cd,Pb and Zn ..................................................................................... 45
3.2. Quantitative and qualitative measurements of water pollutants......................................... 46
3.2.1. Biogenic indicators ........................................................................................................ 47
3.2.1.1. Ammonium cation ................................................................................................. 47
3.2.1.2. Determination of nitrates(V) and nitrite(III) .......................................................... 47
3.2.1.3. Determination of phosphates concentration ........................................................ 48
3.2.1.4. Conclusion of biogenic indicators .......................................................................... 48
3.2.2. Oxygen indicator : Chemical Oxygen Demand .............................................................. 49
3.2.3. Salinity indicators .......................................................................................................... 49
3.2.3.1. Conductometry and pH ......................................................................................... 49
3.2.3.2. Hardness ................................................................................................................ 50
3.2.3.3. Sulphate and sulphite ions in water ...................................................................... 50
3.2.3.4. Chloride ions in water............................................................................................ 50
3.2.3.5. Conclusion of salinity indicators ............................................................................ 50
3.2.4. Heavy metals ................................................................................................................. 51
General conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 52
List of figures, tables and equations ...................................................................................................... 53
References ............................................................................................................................................. 54
Annexe 1: ............................................................................................................................................... 58 |
| Permalink : |
./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=65882 |
Determination of environmental quality of water and soil samples collected from the selected areas of Gorce National Park [TFE / Mémoire] / Charlotte Racot, Auteur ; Olivier Janssens, Directeur de publication, rédacteur en chef . - 2017. Le fichier numérique de ce document est disponible uniquement pour les membres de la Haute Ecole Louvain-en-Hainaut ainsi que ses étudiants. Veuillez vous connecter pour accéder à votre compte lecteur Langues : Français ( fre)
| Mots-clés : |
Agronomie AIBT Erasmus Gorce National Park Pologne |
| Index. décimale : |
TFE AIBT TFE Agro-industries et biotechnologies |
| Résumé : |
Gorce National Park is supposed to be a protected area. However, pollution is ubiquitous. It comes from human wastes from tourists and local population, the management of meadows or it could come from industries in the south of Poland.
It is why, the aim of this study is the determination of the content of selected pollutants of water and soil in samples collected from the selected areas of Gorce National Park. But also an assessment of their overall environmental impact.
The different analyses include the use of analytical techniques. Several parameters such as temperature, oxygen indicator, biogenic indicator (e.g. nitrate, ammonia, phosphate) and salinity indicators (e.g. pH, hardness, conductivity) were measured on water samples.
Thanks to those, we were able to determine the quality of water and the concentration of Zinc, Cadmium and Lead in soil. The results showed that there is no pollution in the Kamienica creek. They also detected a slight pollution of those three heavy metals in the investigated soil samples. |
| Note de contenu : |
Table of contents
Internship presentation ........................................................................................................................... 7
General introduction ............................................................................................................................... 8
Motivation ............................................................................................................................................... 9
1. Theoretical part ............................................................................................................................. 10
1.1. The Gorce national Park ........................................................................................................ 10
1.2. The main sources of the pollution in southern Poland ......................................................... 11
1.3. Pollution of soil ...................................................................................................................... 12
1.3.1. Heavy metals: The European standards for water and sediments contaminations ..... 12
1.3.1.1. Zinc ........................................................................................................................ 14
1.3.1.2. Lead ....................................................................................................................... 14
1.3.1.3. Cadmium ............................................................................................................... 15
1.4. Pollution of water .................................................................................................................. 16
1.4.1. Water Framework Directive (WFD) ............................................................................... 16
1.4.2. Physical water quality indicator - temperature ............................................................. 18
1.4.3. Chemical water quality indicators ................................................................................. 18
1.4.3.1. Biogenic indicators ................................................................................................ 18
1.4.3.2. Oxygen indicators .................................................................................................. 19
1.4.3.3. Salinity indicators .................................................................................................. 21
1.5. Analytical techniques ............................................................................................................ 24
1.5.1. Volumetric methods ...................................................................................................... 24
1.5.2. Spectrophotometric methods ....................................................................................... 26
1.5.2.1. UV-Vis spectroscopy .............................................................................................. 26
1.5.2.2. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry .......................................................................... 28
1.5.3. Potentiometric methods ............................................................................................... 29
2. Materials and methods ................................................................................................................. 30
2.1. Collected samples .................................................................................................................. 30
2.2. Analytical protocols ............................................................................................................... 32
2.2.1. Determination of biogenic indicators ............................................................................ 32
2.2.1.1. Ammonium test ..................................................................................................... 32
2.2.1.2. Nitrates(V) ............................................................................................................. 33
2.2.1.3. Nitrites(III) .............................................................................................................. 36
2.2.1.4. Test for phosphates ............................................................................................... 40
2.2.2. Determination of oxygen indicator: Chemical Oxygen Demand ................................... 40
2.2.3. Determination of salinity indicators .............................................................................. 41
2.2.3.1. Hardness test ......................................................................................................... 41
2.2.3.2. Chloride test .......................................................................................................... 41
2.2.3.3. Test for sulphides .................................................................................................. 42
2.2.3.4. Test sulphates ........................................................................................................ 43
2.2.4. Analyse of heavy metals by AAS .................................................................................... 43
2.2.4.1. Obtained results after analysis of Cd, Pb and Zn ................................................... 44
3. Results ........................................................................................................................................... 45
3.1. Quantitative and qualitative measurements of soil pollutants ............................................ 45
3.1.1. Determination of Cd,Pb and Zn ..................................................................................... 45
3.2. Quantitative and qualitative measurements of water pollutants......................................... 46
3.2.1. Biogenic indicators ........................................................................................................ 47
3.2.1.1. Ammonium cation ................................................................................................. 47
3.2.1.2. Determination of nitrates(V) and nitrite(III) .......................................................... 47
3.2.1.3. Determination of phosphates concentration ........................................................ 48
3.2.1.4. Conclusion of biogenic indicators .......................................................................... 48
3.2.2. Oxygen indicator : Chemical Oxygen Demand .............................................................. 49
3.2.3. Salinity indicators .......................................................................................................... 49
3.2.3.1. Conductometry and pH ......................................................................................... 49
3.2.3.2. Hardness ................................................................................................................ 50
3.2.3.3. Sulphate and sulphite ions in water ...................................................................... 50
3.2.3.4. Chloride ions in water............................................................................................ 50
3.2.3.5. Conclusion of salinity indicators ............................................................................ 50
3.2.4. Heavy metals ................................................................................................................. 51
General conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 52
List of figures, tables and equations ...................................................................................................... 53
References ............................................................................................................................................. 54
Annexe 1: ............................................................................................................................................... 58 |
| Permalink : |
./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=65882 |
|
Determination of environmental quality of water and soil samples collected from the selected areas of Gorce National Park
