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How to Build a Dog / Lyudmila Trut in Scientific American, 05/17 (Mai 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inScientific American > 05/17 (Mai 2017) . - p. 64-67 Titre : How to Build a Dog Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lyudmila Trut ; Lee Alan Dugatkin Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 64-67 Langues : Français (fre) Mots-clés : loups  chiens  évolution  domestication  anglais Résumé : The animal runs toward me, its curly tail wagging and its loving eyes full of joy. It jumps into my arms and nuzzles my face, like a dog. But it is not a dog. It is a fox—a fox that looks and behaves much like a dog. The animal and its close relatives are the result of 58 generations of selective breeding, performed in an attempt to discover in general the secrets of domestication and in particular how humans may have transformed wolves into the first dogs. Note de contenu : Wild wolves were transformed into domesticated dogs in only the past few tens of thousands of years. Humans clearly played a role in the speciation, but the details are lost to history. A six-decade experiment in Siberia has attempted to replay the process by which wolves evolved into dogs. In this work, another canid species—wild foxes—were selected for tameness over dozens of generations. Within a few generations, foxes emerged that behaved like pets and that had physical characteristics associated with domestication, including mottled coats and curly tails. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=66447 [article] How to Build a Dog [texte imprimé] / Lyudmila Trut ; Lee Alan Dugatkin . - 2017 . - p. 64-67. Langues : Français (fre) in Scientific American > 05/17 (Mai 2017) . - p. 64-67 Mots-clés : loups  chiens  évolution  domestication  anglais Résumé : The animal runs toward me, its curly tail wagging and its loving eyes full of joy. It jumps into my arms and nuzzles my face, like a dog. But it is not a dog. It is a fox—a fox that looks and behaves much like a dog. The animal and its close relatives are the result of 58 generations of selective breeding, performed in an attempt to discover in general the secrets of domestication and in particular how humans may have transformed wolves into the first dogs. Note de contenu : Wild wolves were transformed into domesticated dogs in only the past few tens of thousands of years. Humans clearly played a role in the speciation, but the details are lost to history. A six-decade experiment in Siberia has attempted to replay the process by which wolves evolved into dogs. In this work, another canid species—wild foxes—were selected for tameness over dozens of generations. Within a few generations, foxes emerged that behaved like pets and that had physical characteristics associated with domestication, including mottled coats and curly tails. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=66447

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Schizophrenia's Unyielding Mysteries / Michael Balter in Scientific American, 05/17 (Mai 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inScientific American > 05/17 (Mai 2017) . - p. 48-55 Titre : Schizophrenia's Unyielding Mysteries Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael Balter Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 48-55 Langues : Français (fre) Mots-clés : schizophrénie  génétique Résumé : GENE STUDIES WERE SUPPOSED TO REVEAL THE DISORDER’S ROOTS. THAT DIDN’T HAPPEN. NOW SCIENTISTS ARE BROADENING THE SEARCH. Note de contenu : Massive genetic studies, it was hoped, would help discover the underlying causes of schizophrenia, a pyschiatric disorder that produces a toll in the U.S. of $60 billion annually for patient care. Research toward achieving this goal began about 10 years ago. The findings have not lived up to their original expectations. Studies have made clear that no single gene will lead to new treatments and that the tangled genetic landscape of schizophrenia is at best a series of faint hints of what causes the illness. The way forward will require that the field act on a mix of clues that suggest that early-life influences—such as childhood trauma and prenatal factors—exacerbate the impact of genes in elevating the risk of a diagnosis. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=66448 [article] Schizophrenia's Unyielding Mysteries [texte imprimé] / Michael Balter . - 2017 . - p. 48-55. Langues : Français (fre) in Scientific American > 05/17 (Mai 2017) . - p. 48-55 Mots-clés : schizophrénie  génétique Résumé : GENE STUDIES WERE SUPPOSED TO REVEAL THE DISORDER’S ROOTS. THAT DIDN’T HAPPEN. NOW SCIENTISTS ARE BROADENING THE SEARCH. Note de contenu : Massive genetic studies, it was hoped, would help discover the underlying causes of schizophrenia, a pyschiatric disorder that produces a toll in the U.S. of $60 billion annually for patient care. Research toward achieving this goal began about 10 years ago. The findings have not lived up to their original expectations. Studies have made clear that no single gene will lead to new treatments and that the tangled genetic landscape of schizophrenia is at best a series of faint hints of what causes the illness. The way forward will require that the field act on a mix of clues that suggest that early-life influences—such as childhood trauma and prenatal factors—exacerbate the impact of genes in elevating the risk of a diagnosis. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=66448

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The Global Warming Wild Card / Varun Sivaram in Scientific American, 05/17 (Mai 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inScientific American > 05/17 (Mai 2017) . - p. 42-47 Titre : The Global Warming Wild Card Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Varun Sivaram Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 42-47 Langues : Français (fre) Mots-clés : réchauffement climatique  émissions  co2  Inde  évolution  anglais Résumé : India's population and living standards have been rising quickly. If its current energy mix continues, by 2040 carbon emissions would prevent the world from limiting global warming to desired levels. To cut emissions, India has to build a reliable electrical grid that can handle widespread solar and wind power and that can switch from coal to natural gas power plants. The country also needs to reform the bankrupt power sector, pass stronger energy-efficiency regulations and invest in clean transportation. Technical and financial assistance from abroad will be crucial. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=66449 [article] The Global Warming Wild Card [texte imprimé] / Varun Sivaram . - 2017 . - p. 42-47. Langues : Français (fre) in Scientific American > 05/17 (Mai 2017) . - p. 42-47 Mots-clés : réchauffement climatique  émissions  co2  Inde  évolution  anglais Résumé : India's population and living standards have been rising quickly. If its current energy mix continues, by 2040 carbon emissions would prevent the world from limiting global warming to desired levels. To cut emissions, India has to build a reliable electrical grid that can handle widespread solar and wind power and that can switch from coal to natural gas power plants. The country also needs to reform the bankrupt power sector, pass stronger energy-efficiency regulations and invest in clean transportation. Technical and financial assistance from abroad will be crucial. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=66449

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