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Percutaneous microembolization of the left coronary artery to model ischemic heart disease in rats / Allard Wagenaar in LabAnimal-Europe, 02/16 (février 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inLabAnimal-Europe > 02/16 (février 2016) . - p. 29-37 Titre : Percutaneous microembolization of the left coronary artery to model ischemic heart disease in rats Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Allard Wagenaar Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 29-37 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animals  Cardiac Catheterization  Coronary Vessels/surgery  Disease Models, Animal  Embolism/complications  Male  Microspheres  Myocardial Infarction/etiology  Myocardial Ischemia*/etiology  Polyethylene  Rats, Sprague-Dawley Résumé : Abstract Small animal models of myocardial infarction are used for a wide variety of research purposes, but common techniques for generating such models require thoracic surgeries that increase mortality risk and damage important structures, such as the pericardial sac. Here, we describe a technique for modeling myocardial infarction in rats by selective coronary microembolization, which has hitherto been described only in large animals. This technique selectively catheterizes the left coronary artery using a custom-made catheter that is introduced and precisely placed under fluoroscopic guidance. Microspheres are then injected through the catheter to cause embolization. This process creates multiple simultaneous micro-infarcts that resemble those from clinical embolization after a percutaneous coronary intervention. As this technique does not require thoracic surgery, a low attrition rate was expected and once it was optimized, this technique had a low mortality rate of just 14% during experimental application. This technique creates infarcts that appear small but are associated with transient ECG changes and a persistently lower ejection fraction after embolization. Microspheres are retained in the myocardial tissue and are visible by epifluorescent microscopy after histological staining and recognizable as a distinct speckle pattern in ultrasound images. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=66489 [article] Percutaneous microembolization of the left coronary artery to model ischemic heart disease in rats [texte imprimé] / Allard Wagenaar . - 2016 . - p. 29-37. Langues : Anglais (eng) in LabAnimal-Europe > 02/16 (février 2016) . - p. 29-37 Mots-clés : Animals  Cardiac Catheterization  Coronary Vessels/surgery  Disease Models, Animal  Embolism/complications  Male  Microspheres  Myocardial Infarction/etiology  Myocardial Ischemia*/etiology  Polyethylene  Rats, Sprague-Dawley Résumé : Abstract Small animal models of myocardial infarction are used for a wide variety of research purposes, but common techniques for generating such models require thoracic surgeries that increase mortality risk and damage important structures, such as the pericardial sac. Here, we describe a technique for modeling myocardial infarction in rats by selective coronary microembolization, which has hitherto been described only in large animals. This technique selectively catheterizes the left coronary artery using a custom-made catheter that is introduced and precisely placed under fluoroscopic guidance. Microspheres are then injected through the catheter to cause embolization. This process creates multiple simultaneous micro-infarcts that resemble those from clinical embolization after a percutaneous coronary intervention. As this technique does not require thoracic surgery, a low attrition rate was expected and once it was optimized, this technique had a low mortality rate of just 14% during experimental application. This technique creates infarcts that appear small but are associated with transient ECG changes and a persistently lower ejection fraction after embolization. Microspheres are retained in the myocardial tissue and are visible by epifluorescent microscopy after histological staining and recognizable as a distinct speckle pattern in ultrasound images. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=66489

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Lack of adverse effects during a target animal safety trial of extended-release buprenorphine in Fischer 344 rats / Alan Cowan in LabAnimal-Europe, 02/16 (février 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inLabAnimal-Europe > 02/16 (février 2016) . - p. 18-27 Titre : Lack of adverse effects during a target animal safety trial of extended-release buprenorphine in Fischer 344 rats Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alan Cowan, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 18-27 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects*  Animals  Body Weight/drug effects  Buprenorphine/adverse effects*  Delayed-Action Preparations  Dose-Response Relationship, Drug  Female  Injections, Subcutaneous  Male  Nausea/chemically induced  Postoperative Period  Rats, Inbred F344  Analgesics, Opioid  Buprenorphine Résumé : Abstract Extended-release buprenorphine is an effective analgesic in laboratory animals, and its safety has been established in mice but not in rats. The authors used a target animal safety trial to evaluate the safety of extended-release buprenorphine in rats. Fischer 344 rats received post-surgical subcutaneous injections of 1.3 mg, 3.9 mg or 6.5 mg buprenorphine per kg body weight (two times, six times or ten times the intended dose, respectively), and their body weight, clinical signs and symptoms, clinical pathology and histopathology were monitored for 4 d. Body weight was not significantly different in rats that received buprenorphine compared with control rats. Signs of nausea-related behavior were observed in 25% of the rats treated with buprenorphine. Clinical pathology results for all rats were normal, and gross and microscopic histopathology examinations identified no substantial abnormalities, suggesting that this behavior was of minor consequence. Other adverse events previously reported to occur with opiate therapy, including weight loss and dermal lesions at drug injection sites, were not observed in this study. The results of this study show that post-surgical administration of an extended-release buprenorphine product is safe in Fischer 344 rats and does not necessarily cause substantial adverse effects, confirming that opiate therapy is a viable choice in laboratory animal medicine. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=66490 [article] Lack of adverse effects during a target animal safety trial of extended-release buprenorphine in Fischer 344 rats [texte imprimé] / Alan Cowan, Auteur . - 2016 . - p. 18-27. Langues : Anglais (eng) in LabAnimal-Europe > 02/16 (février 2016) . - p. 18-27 Mots-clés : Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects*  Animals  Body Weight/drug effects  Buprenorphine/adverse effects*  Delayed-Action Preparations  Dose-Response Relationship, Drug  Female  Injections, Subcutaneous  Male  Nausea/chemically induced  Postoperative Period  Rats, Inbred F344  Analgesics, Opioid  Buprenorphine Résumé : Abstract Extended-release buprenorphine is an effective analgesic in laboratory animals, and its safety has been established in mice but not in rats. The authors used a target animal safety trial to evaluate the safety of extended-release buprenorphine in rats. Fischer 344 rats received post-surgical subcutaneous injections of 1.3 mg, 3.9 mg or 6.5 mg buprenorphine per kg body weight (two times, six times or ten times the intended dose, respectively), and their body weight, clinical signs and symptoms, clinical pathology and histopathology were monitored for 4 d. Body weight was not significantly different in rats that received buprenorphine compared with control rats. Signs of nausea-related behavior were observed in 25% of the rats treated with buprenorphine. Clinical pathology results for all rats were normal, and gross and microscopic histopathology examinations identified no substantial abnormalities, suggesting that this behavior was of minor consequence. Other adverse events previously reported to occur with opiate therapy, including weight loss and dermal lesions at drug injection sites, were not observed in this study. The results of this study show that post-surgical administration of an extended-release buprenorphine product is safe in Fischer 344 rats and does not necessarily cause substantial adverse effects, confirming that opiate therapy is a viable choice in laboratory animal medicine. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=66490

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Blood profiles in unanesthetized and anesthetized guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) / Wendy R. Williams in LabAnimal-Europe, 02/16 (février 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inLabAnimal-Europe > 02/16 (février 2016) . - p. 10-17 Titre : Blood profiles in unanesthetized and anesthetized guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wendy R. Williams, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 10-17 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anesthetics/pharmacology*  Anesthetics, Combined/pharmacology  Animals  Animals, Laboratory  Blood Cell Count/veterinary  Blood Chemical Analysis/veterinary*  Female  Guinea Pigs/blood*  Isoflurane/pharmacology*  Ketamine/pharmacology*  Liver/enzymology  Xylazine/pharmacology*  Anesthetics  Anesthetics, Combined  Xylazine  Ketamine  Isoflurane Résumé : Abstract The guinea pig is a common animal model that is used in biomedical research to study a variety of systems, including hormonal and immunological responses, pulmonary physiology, corticosteroid response and others. However, because guinea pigs are evolutionarily a prey species, they do not readily show behavioral signs of disease, which can make it difficult to detect illness in a laboratory setting. Minimally invasive blood tests, such as complete blood counts and plasma biochemistry assays, are useful in both human and veterinary medicine as an initial diagnostic technique to rule in or rule out systemic illness. In guinea pigs, phlebotomy for such tests often requires that the animals be anesthetized first. The authors evaluated hematological and plasma biochemical effects of two anesthetic agents that are commonly used with guinea pigs in a research setting: isoflurane and a combination of ketamine and xylazine. Hematological and plasma biochemical parameters were significantly different when guinea pigs were under either anesthetic, compared to when they were unanesthetized. Plasma proteins, liver enzymes, white blood cells and red blood cells appeared to be significantly altered by both anesthetics, and hematological and plasma biochemical differences were greater when guinea pigs were anesthetized with the combination of ketamine and xylazine than when they were anesthetized with isoflurane. Overall these results indicate that both anesthetics can significantly influence hematological and plasma biochemical parameters in guinea pigs. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=66491 [article] Blood profiles in unanesthetized and anesthetized guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) [texte imprimé] / Wendy R. Williams, Auteur . - 2016 . - p. 10-17. Langues : Anglais (eng) in LabAnimal-Europe > 02/16 (février 2016) . - p. 10-17 Mots-clés : Anesthetics/pharmacology*  Anesthetics, Combined/pharmacology  Animals  Animals, Laboratory  Blood Cell Count/veterinary  Blood Chemical Analysis/veterinary*  Female  Guinea Pigs/blood*  Isoflurane/pharmacology*  Ketamine/pharmacology*  Liver/enzymology  Xylazine/pharmacology*  Anesthetics  Anesthetics, Combined  Xylazine  Ketamine  Isoflurane Résumé : Abstract The guinea pig is a common animal model that is used in biomedical research to study a variety of systems, including hormonal and immunological responses, pulmonary physiology, corticosteroid response and others. However, because guinea pigs are evolutionarily a prey species, they do not readily show behavioral signs of disease, which can make it difficult to detect illness in a laboratory setting. Minimally invasive blood tests, such as complete blood counts and plasma biochemistry assays, are useful in both human and veterinary medicine as an initial diagnostic technique to rule in or rule out systemic illness. In guinea pigs, phlebotomy for such tests often requires that the animals be anesthetized first. The authors evaluated hematological and plasma biochemical effects of two anesthetic agents that are commonly used with guinea pigs in a research setting: isoflurane and a combination of ketamine and xylazine. Hematological and plasma biochemical parameters were significantly different when guinea pigs were under either anesthetic, compared to when they were unanesthetized. Plasma proteins, liver enzymes, white blood cells and red blood cells appeared to be significantly altered by both anesthetics, and hematological and plasma biochemical differences were greater when guinea pigs were anesthetized with the combination of ketamine and xylazine than when they were anesthetized with isoflurane. Overall these results indicate that both anesthetics can significantly influence hematological and plasma biochemical parameters in guinea pigs. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=66491

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