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| Titre : |
A review of the role of omics-based techniques in identifying and understanding microbial successions in urine patches in New Zealand grasslands and their impact on N2O emissions |
| Type de document : |
TFE / Mιmoire |
| Auteurs : |
Vanessa Gelhay, Auteur ; Jonathan Scauflaire, Directeur de la recherche |
| Editeur : |
Montignies-sur-Sambre : Helha. Agronomie |
| Annιe de publication : |
2020 |
| Note gιnιrale : |
Le fichier numérique de ce document est disponible uniquement pour les membres de la Haute Ecole Louvain-en-Hainaut ainsi que ses étudiants. Veuillez vous connecter pour accéder à votre compte lecteur. |
| Langues : |
Franηais (fre) |
| Mots-clιs : |
Agronomie AIBT |
| Index. dιcimale : |
TFE AIBT TFE Agro-industries et biotechnologies |
| Rιsumι : |
The intensive dairy farming system in New Zealand is responsible for most of the countrys N2O emissions. As a signatory of the Paris Agreement of 2015, New Zealand needs to get its emissions under control if it is to meet the 2050 target of no more emissions of this
greenhouse gas. The purpose of the present document is to offer a bibliographical review of the following
topics: The first chapter describes the importance of nitrogen in agriculture, explains its cycle and focusses on the main pathways for N2O emissions. The second chapter studies the N2O-producing microbial communities found in grassland
soils: what defines them, what their roles are, and how disruptive urine deposition can be to soil microorganisms. The third chapter reviews the role of metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and bioinformatics in environmental studies, and how they are crucial in gathering, treating and analyzing data.
Finally, in the conclusion, we provide some leads as to the possible solutions that could help New Zealand reduce its N2O emissions in urine patches. |
| Note de contenu : |
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Presentation of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Introduction
.
..6
1 NITROGEN: ROLE, CYCLING AND CONTRIBUTION TO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION ............................. 9
1.1 ROLE OF NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE ....................................................................................................... 9
1.2 NITROGEN CYCLING IN SOILS ................................................................................................................ 11
1.2.1 Pathways for N2O production .................................................................................................. 13
2 MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN GRASSLAND SOIL ............................................................................ 19
2.1 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL MICROBIOMES .................................................................................. 19
2.2 COMPOSITION AND ROLES OF THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN SOILS .......................................................... 21
2.2.1 Archaea ................................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.2 Bacteria ................................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.3 Fungi ........................................................................................................................................ 24
2.3 IMPACT OF URINE ON MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION .................................................................... 26
3 IMPORTANCE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS .................................................... 27
3.1 DEFINITION OF OMICS-BASED TECHNIQUES ............................................................................................. 28
3.2 USE OF OMICS-BASED TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ................................................................ 29
3.2.1 Metagenomics ......................................................................................................................... 30
3.2.2 Metatranscriptomics ............................................................................................................... 32
3.3 LIMITATIONS OF OMICS-BASED TECHNIQUES ........................................................................................... 33
3.4 BIOINFORMATICS .............................................................................................................................. 34
Conclusion and perspectives
.36
Glossary
..
38
Abbreviations and acronyms
39
Table of figures
.
41
Bibliography
42
Table of appendices
..
59
Appendices |
| Permalink : |
./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89175 |
A review of the role of omics-based techniques in identifying and understanding microbial successions in urine patches in New Zealand grasslands and their impact on N2O emissions [TFE / Mιmoire] / Vanessa Gelhay, Auteur ; Jonathan Scauflaire, Directeur de la recherche . - Montignies-sur-Sambre : Helha. Agronomie, 2020. Le fichier numérique de ce document est disponible uniquement pour les membres de la Haute Ecole Louvain-en-Hainaut ainsi que ses étudiants. Veuillez vous connecter pour accéder à votre compte lecteur. Langues : Franηais ( fre)
| Mots-clιs : |
Agronomie AIBT |
| Index. dιcimale : |
TFE AIBT TFE Agro-industries et biotechnologies |
| Rιsumι : |
The intensive dairy farming system in New Zealand is responsible for most of the countrys N2O emissions. As a signatory of the Paris Agreement of 2015, New Zealand needs to get its emissions under control if it is to meet the 2050 target of no more emissions of this
greenhouse gas. The purpose of the present document is to offer a bibliographical review of the following
topics: The first chapter describes the importance of nitrogen in agriculture, explains its cycle and focusses on the main pathways for N2O emissions. The second chapter studies the N2O-producing microbial communities found in grassland
soils: what defines them, what their roles are, and how disruptive urine deposition can be to soil microorganisms. The third chapter reviews the role of metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and bioinformatics in environmental studies, and how they are crucial in gathering, treating and analyzing data.
Finally, in the conclusion, we provide some leads as to the possible solutions that could help New Zealand reduce its N2O emissions in urine patches. |
| Note de contenu : |
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Presentation of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Introduction
.
..6
1 NITROGEN: ROLE, CYCLING AND CONTRIBUTION TO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION ............................. 9
1.1 ROLE OF NITROGEN IN AGRICULTURE ....................................................................................................... 9
1.2 NITROGEN CYCLING IN SOILS ................................................................................................................ 11
1.2.1 Pathways for N2O production .................................................................................................. 13
2 MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN GRASSLAND SOIL ............................................................................ 19
2.1 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL MICROBIOMES .................................................................................. 19
2.2 COMPOSITION AND ROLES OF THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN SOILS .......................................................... 21
2.2.1 Archaea ................................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.2 Bacteria ................................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.3 Fungi ........................................................................................................................................ 24
2.3 IMPACT OF URINE ON MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION .................................................................... 26
3 IMPORTANCE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS .................................................... 27
3.1 DEFINITION OF OMICS-BASED TECHNIQUES ............................................................................................. 28
3.2 USE OF OMICS-BASED TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ................................................................ 29
3.2.1 Metagenomics ......................................................................................................................... 30
3.2.2 Metatranscriptomics ............................................................................................................... 32
3.3 LIMITATIONS OF OMICS-BASED TECHNIQUES ........................................................................................... 33
3.4 BIOINFORMATICS .............................................................................................................................. 34
Conclusion and perspectives
.36
Glossary
..
38
Abbreviations and acronyms
39
Table of figures
.
41
Bibliography
42
Table of appendices
..
59
Appendices |
| Permalink : |
./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89175 |
|
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