Association between intelligence quotient and disability : The role of socioeconomic status / Louis Jacob in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 63, n°4 (Juillet 2020)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 63, n°4 (Juillet 2020) . - p. 296-301 Titre : Association between intelligence quotient and disability : The role of socioeconomic status Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Louis Jacob ; Lee Smith ; Philippe Thoumie ; Josep Maria Haro ; Andrew Stickley ; Ai Koyanagi Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 296-301 Note générale : doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.07.010 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Intelligence quotient  Disability  England  Epidemiology Résumé : Background No study has investigated the association between intelligence quotient (IQ) and disability (i.e., difficulties in activities of daily living [ADL] or instrumental activities of daily living [IADL]) in the general population. Objective The goal of this nationally representative study was to analyse the potential IQ–disability association in England and identify influential factors in this association. Methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (n = 6872). IQ was assessed by using the National Adult Reading Test, which consists of a list of 50 words and is scored by counting the number of errors in reading the words aloud. Disability was defined as difficulties in at least 1 of the 7 domains of ADL and IADL. Regression and mediation analyses were conducted to analyze the association between IQ and disability and identify potential factors involved in this relationship, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Among the 6872 participants, the mean (SD) age was 46.9 (18.9) years; 51.8% were women. The prevalence of disability increased from 27.7% with IQ 120–129 to 51.0% with IQ 70–79. After adjusting for sex, age and ethnicity, as compared with IQ 120–129, with IQ 110–119, 100–109, 90–99, 80–89, and 70–79, the probability of disability was increased (OR 1.22 [95% CI 1.01–1.48], 1.42 [1.16–1.72], 1.86 [1.54–2.25], 2.41 [1.92–3.03], and 4.71 [3.56–6.17], respectively). In addition, we found a positive association between a 1-SD decrease in IQ and disability (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.43–1.63). Finally, income (mediated percentage 26.9%), social class (18.0%) and education (11.6%) strongly affected the IQ–disability association, and these socioeconomic factors collectively explained 37.1% of the association. Conclusions Low IQ was positively associated with disability in England, and socioeconomic status explained more than one-third of this relationship. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90864 [article] Association between intelligence quotient and disability : The role of socioeconomic status [texte imprimé] / Louis Jacob ; Lee Smith ; Philippe Thoumie ; Josep Maria Haro ; Andrew Stickley ; Ai Koyanagi . - 2020 . - p. 296-301. doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.07.010 Langues : Anglais (eng) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 63, n°4 (Juillet 2020) . - p. 296-301 Mots-clés : Intelligence quotient  Disability  England  Epidemiology Résumé : Background No study has investigated the association between intelligence quotient (IQ) and disability (i.e., difficulties in activities of daily living [ADL] or instrumental activities of daily living [IADL]) in the general population. Objective The goal of this nationally representative study was to analyse the potential IQ–disability association in England and identify influential factors in this association. Methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (n = 6872). IQ was assessed by using the National Adult Reading Test, which consists of a list of 50 words and is scored by counting the number of errors in reading the words aloud. Disability was defined as difficulties in at least 1 of the 7 domains of ADL and IADL. Regression and mediation analyses were conducted to analyze the association between IQ and disability and identify potential factors involved in this relationship, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Among the 6872 participants, the mean (SD) age was 46.9 (18.9) years; 51.8% were women. The prevalence of disability increased from 27.7% with IQ 120–129 to 51.0% with IQ 70–79. After adjusting for sex, age and ethnicity, as compared with IQ 120–129, with IQ 110–119, 100–109, 90–99, 80–89, and 70–79, the probability of disability was increased (OR 1.22 [95% CI 1.01–1.48], 1.42 [1.16–1.72], 1.86 [1.54–2.25], 2.41 [1.92–3.03], and 4.71 [3.56–6.17], respectively). In addition, we found a positive association between a 1-SD decrease in IQ and disability (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.43–1.63). Finally, income (mediated percentage 26.9%), social class (18.0%) and education (11.6%) strongly affected the IQ–disability association, and these socioeconomic factors collectively explained 37.1% of the association. Conclusions Low IQ was positively associated with disability in England, and socioeconomic status explained more than one-third of this relationship. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90864

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The relationship of childhood sexual and physical abuse with adulthood disability / Louis Jacob in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 63, n°4 (Juillet 2020)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 63, n°4 (Juillet 2020) . - p. 332-339 Titre : The relationship of childhood sexual and physical abuse with adulthood disability Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Louis Jacob ; Philippe Thoumie ; Josep Maria Haro ; Ai Koyanagi Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 332-339 Note générale : doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.06.005 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Childhood abuse  Adulthood disability  Risk factor  Nationally representative survey  England Résumé : Objective The aim of this study was to examine the association of childhood sexual and physical abuse with disability in adulthood, and to assess how several demographic, physical, behavioral, psychosocial, and psychiatric factors may influence this association. Methods This study used nationally representative cross-sectional data from 7403 people aged ≥ 16 years who participated in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Information on childhood sexual talk, sexual touching, sexual intercourse, and physical abuse occurring before the age of 16, and disability in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living in adulthood were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results After adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, we found a positive association between different types of childhood abuse and adulthood disability: sexual talk (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.27–1.85); sexual touching (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.49–2.22); sexual intercourse (OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.75–3.81); physical abuse (OR 2.84; 95% CI 2.20–3.68). Increasing number of types of childhood abuse was associated with increased odds of adulthood disability. The odds of adulthood disability was increased for individuals who experienced all types of childhood abuse versus no childhood abuse (OR 3.59; 95% CI 1.64–7.84). Finally, the association between any childhood abuse and adulthood disability was largely explained by anxiety disorder, number of chronic physical conditions, and loneliness. Conclusions Childhood abuse is positively associated with adulthood disability in England. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to understand the potentially complex interplay of factors that may increase risk for disability in individuals who experienced childhood abuse. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90879 [article] The relationship of childhood sexual and physical abuse with adulthood disability [texte imprimé] / Louis Jacob ; Philippe Thoumie ; Josep Maria Haro ; Ai Koyanagi . - 2020 . - p. 332-339. doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.06.005 Langues : Anglais (eng) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 63, n°4 (Juillet 2020) . - p. 332-339 Mots-clés : Childhood abuse  Adulthood disability  Risk factor  Nationally representative survey  England Résumé : Objective The aim of this study was to examine the association of childhood sexual and physical abuse with disability in adulthood, and to assess how several demographic, physical, behavioral, psychosocial, and psychiatric factors may influence this association. Methods This study used nationally representative cross-sectional data from 7403 people aged ≥ 16 years who participated in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Information on childhood sexual talk, sexual touching, sexual intercourse, and physical abuse occurring before the age of 16, and disability in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living in adulthood were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results After adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, we found a positive association between different types of childhood abuse and adulthood disability: sexual talk (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.27–1.85); sexual touching (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.49–2.22); sexual intercourse (OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.75–3.81); physical abuse (OR 2.84; 95% CI 2.20–3.68). Increasing number of types of childhood abuse was associated with increased odds of adulthood disability. The odds of adulthood disability was increased for individuals who experienced all types of childhood abuse versus no childhood abuse (OR 3.59; 95% CI 1.64–7.84). Finally, the association between any childhood abuse and adulthood disability was largely explained by anxiety disorder, number of chronic physical conditions, and loneliness. Conclusions Childhood abuse is positively associated with adulthood disability in England. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to understand the potentially complex interplay of factors that may increase risk for disability in individuals who experienced childhood abuse. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90879

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