Association between intelligence quotient and disability : The role of socioeconomic status / Louis Jacob in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 63, n°4 (Juillet 2020)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 63, n°4 (Juillet 2020) . - p. 296-301 Titre : Association between intelligence quotient and disability : The role of socioeconomic status Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Louis Jacob ; Lee Smith ; Philippe Thoumie ; Josep Maria Haro ; Andrew Stickley ; Ai Koyanagi Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 296-301 Note générale : doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.07.010 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Intelligence quotient  Disability  England  Epidemiology Résumé : Background No study has investigated the association between intelligence quotient (IQ) and disability (i.e., difficulties in activities of daily living [ADL] or instrumental activities of daily living [IADL]) in the general population. Objective The goal of this nationally representative study was to analyse the potential IQ–disability association in England and identify influential factors in this association. Methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (n = 6872). IQ was assessed by using the National Adult Reading Test, which consists of a list of 50 words and is scored by counting the number of errors in reading the words aloud. Disability was defined as difficulties in at least 1 of the 7 domains of ADL and IADL. Regression and mediation analyses were conducted to analyze the association between IQ and disability and identify potential factors involved in this relationship, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Among the 6872 participants, the mean (SD) age was 46.9 (18.9) years; 51.8% were women. The prevalence of disability increased from 27.7% with IQ 120–129 to 51.0% with IQ 70–79. After adjusting for sex, age and ethnicity, as compared with IQ 120–129, with IQ 110–119, 100–109, 90–99, 80–89, and 70–79, the probability of disability was increased (OR 1.22 [95% CI 1.01–1.48], 1.42 [1.16–1.72], 1.86 [1.54–2.25], 2.41 [1.92–3.03], and 4.71 [3.56–6.17], respectively). In addition, we found a positive association between a 1-SD decrease in IQ and disability (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.43–1.63). Finally, income (mediated percentage 26.9%), social class (18.0%) and education (11.6%) strongly affected the IQ–disability association, and these socioeconomic factors collectively explained 37.1% of the association. Conclusions Low IQ was positively associated with disability in England, and socioeconomic status explained more than one-third of this relationship. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90864 [article] Association between intelligence quotient and disability : The role of socioeconomic status [texte imprimé] / Louis Jacob ; Lee Smith ; Philippe Thoumie ; Josep Maria Haro ; Andrew Stickley ; Ai Koyanagi . - 2020 . - p. 296-301. doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.07.010 Langues : Anglais (eng) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 63, n°4 (Juillet 2020) . - p. 296-301 Mots-clés : Intelligence quotient  Disability  England  Epidemiology Résumé : Background No study has investigated the association between intelligence quotient (IQ) and disability (i.e., difficulties in activities of daily living [ADL] or instrumental activities of daily living [IADL]) in the general population. Objective The goal of this nationally representative study was to analyse the potential IQ–disability association in England and identify influential factors in this association. Methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (n = 6872). IQ was assessed by using the National Adult Reading Test, which consists of a list of 50 words and is scored by counting the number of errors in reading the words aloud. Disability was defined as difficulties in at least 1 of the 7 domains of ADL and IADL. Regression and mediation analyses were conducted to analyze the association between IQ and disability and identify potential factors involved in this relationship, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Among the 6872 participants, the mean (SD) age was 46.9 (18.9) years; 51.8% were women. The prevalence of disability increased from 27.7% with IQ 120–129 to 51.0% with IQ 70–79. After adjusting for sex, age and ethnicity, as compared with IQ 120–129, with IQ 110–119, 100–109, 90–99, 80–89, and 70–79, the probability of disability was increased (OR 1.22 [95% CI 1.01–1.48], 1.42 [1.16–1.72], 1.86 [1.54–2.25], 2.41 [1.92–3.03], and 4.71 [3.56–6.17], respectively). In addition, we found a positive association between a 1-SD decrease in IQ and disability (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.43–1.63). Finally, income (mediated percentage 26.9%), social class (18.0%) and education (11.6%) strongly affected the IQ–disability association, and these socioeconomic factors collectively explained 37.1% of the association. Conclusions Low IQ was positively associated with disability in England, and socioeconomic status explained more than one-third of this relationship. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90864

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Participation in work and leisure activities after stroke: A national study / Alexis Schnitzler in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 62, n°5 (Septembre 2019)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 62, n°5 (Septembre 2019) . - p. 351-355 Titre : Participation in work and leisure activities after stroke: A national study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alexis Schnitzler ; Claire Jourdan ; Loïc Josseran ; Philippe Azouvi ; Louis Jacob ; François Genêt Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 351-355 Note générale : doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.04.005 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : Background Stroke is a common and debilitating neurological disorder having a negative impact on quality of life. Objectives We aimed to compare differences in participation in work and leisure activities between patients with and without a self-reported stroke at the national level in France. Methods This study used cross-sectional data from the Disability Health Survey that was administered in people's homes (DHH) in 2008 and in institutions (DHI) in 2009. Stroke history and levels of participation in work and leisure activities were collected by interviews. The levels of participation in these activities were compared between participants with and without a history of stroke. Results Among the 33,785 interviewed participants, 1725 reported a history of stroke. After weighting, this represented a mean (SD) of 766,641 (36,650) people among 49 million adults living in France. After adjustment, as compared with people without stroke, those with stroke were less likely to work (odds ratio 0.19 [95% confidence interval 0.13–0.27]), use the telephone (0.21 [0.17–0.25]) and drive (0.25 [0.21–0.32]). In the age group 19–59 years, as compared with people without stroke, those with stroke less frequently worked (35.9% vs. 72.2%), drove (54.3% vs. 81.3%) and participated in sports (26.6% vs. 55.8%). Conclusions Overall, our study indicates that people with a history of stroke report more difficulties in participating in work and leisure activities than those without a history of stroke. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84150 [article] Participation in work and leisure activities after stroke: A national study [texte imprimé] / Alexis Schnitzler ; Claire Jourdan ; Loïc Josseran ; Philippe Azouvi ; Louis Jacob ; François Genêt . - 2019 . - p. 351-355. doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.04.005 Langues : Anglais (eng) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 62, n°5 (Septembre 2019) . - p. 351-355 Résumé : Background Stroke is a common and debilitating neurological disorder having a negative impact on quality of life. Objectives We aimed to compare differences in participation in work and leisure activities between patients with and without a self-reported stroke at the national level in France. Methods This study used cross-sectional data from the Disability Health Survey that was administered in people's homes (DHH) in 2008 and in institutions (DHI) in 2009. Stroke history and levels of participation in work and leisure activities were collected by interviews. The levels of participation in these activities were compared between participants with and without a history of stroke. Results Among the 33,785 interviewed participants, 1725 reported a history of stroke. After weighting, this represented a mean (SD) of 766,641 (36,650) people among 49 million adults living in France. After adjustment, as compared with people without stroke, those with stroke were less likely to work (odds ratio 0.19 [95% confidence interval 0.13–0.27]), use the telephone (0.21 [0.17–0.25]) and drive (0.25 [0.21–0.32]). In the age group 19–59 years, as compared with people without stroke, those with stroke less frequently worked (35.9% vs. 72.2%), drove (54.3% vs. 81.3%) and participated in sports (26.6% vs. 55.8%). Conclusions Overall, our study indicates that people with a history of stroke report more difficulties in participating in work and leisure activities than those without a history of stroke. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84150

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The relationship of childhood sexual and physical abuse with adulthood disability / Louis Jacob in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 63, n°4 (Juillet 2020)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 63, n°4 (Juillet 2020) . - p. 332-339 Titre : The relationship of childhood sexual and physical abuse with adulthood disability Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Louis Jacob ; Philippe Thoumie ; Josep Maria Haro ; Ai Koyanagi Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 332-339 Note générale : doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.06.005 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Childhood abuse  Adulthood disability  Risk factor  Nationally representative survey  England Résumé : Objective The aim of this study was to examine the association of childhood sexual and physical abuse with disability in adulthood, and to assess how several demographic, physical, behavioral, psychosocial, and psychiatric factors may influence this association. Methods This study used nationally representative cross-sectional data from 7403 people aged ≥ 16 years who participated in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Information on childhood sexual talk, sexual touching, sexual intercourse, and physical abuse occurring before the age of 16, and disability in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living in adulthood were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results After adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, we found a positive association between different types of childhood abuse and adulthood disability: sexual talk (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.27–1.85); sexual touching (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.49–2.22); sexual intercourse (OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.75–3.81); physical abuse (OR 2.84; 95% CI 2.20–3.68). Increasing number of types of childhood abuse was associated with increased odds of adulthood disability. The odds of adulthood disability was increased for individuals who experienced all types of childhood abuse versus no childhood abuse (OR 3.59; 95% CI 1.64–7.84). Finally, the association between any childhood abuse and adulthood disability was largely explained by anxiety disorder, number of chronic physical conditions, and loneliness. Conclusions Childhood abuse is positively associated with adulthood disability in England. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to understand the potentially complex interplay of factors that may increase risk for disability in individuals who experienced childhood abuse. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90879 [article] The relationship of childhood sexual and physical abuse with adulthood disability [texte imprimé] / Louis Jacob ; Philippe Thoumie ; Josep Maria Haro ; Ai Koyanagi . - 2020 . - p. 332-339. doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.06.005 Langues : Anglais (eng) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 63, n°4 (Juillet 2020) . - p. 332-339 Mots-clés : Childhood abuse  Adulthood disability  Risk factor  Nationally representative survey  England Résumé : Objective The aim of this study was to examine the association of childhood sexual and physical abuse with disability in adulthood, and to assess how several demographic, physical, behavioral, psychosocial, and psychiatric factors may influence this association. Methods This study used nationally representative cross-sectional data from 7403 people aged ≥ 16 years who participated in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Information on childhood sexual talk, sexual touching, sexual intercourse, and physical abuse occurring before the age of 16, and disability in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living in adulthood were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results After adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, we found a positive association between different types of childhood abuse and adulthood disability: sexual talk (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.27–1.85); sexual touching (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.49–2.22); sexual intercourse (OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.75–3.81); physical abuse (OR 2.84; 95% CI 2.20–3.68). Increasing number of types of childhood abuse was associated with increased odds of adulthood disability. The odds of adulthood disability was increased for individuals who experienced all types of childhood abuse versus no childhood abuse (OR 3.59; 95% CI 1.64–7.84). Finally, the association between any childhood abuse and adulthood disability was largely explained by anxiety disorder, number of chronic physical conditions, and loneliness. Conclusions Childhood abuse is positively associated with adulthood disability in England. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to understand the potentially complex interplay of factors that may increase risk for disability in individuals who experienced childhood abuse. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90879

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Urinary and fecal incontinence in stroke survivors followed in general practice : A retrospective cohort study / Louis Jacob in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 63, n°6 (November 20)

Public ISBD [article]  inAnnals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 63, n°6 (November 20) . - p. 488-494 Titre : Urinary and fecal incontinence in stroke survivors followed in general practice : A retrospective cohort study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Louis Jacob ; Karel Kostev Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 488-494 Note générale : doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.12.007 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Urinary incontinence  Fecal incontinence  Stroke  General practices  Germany  Retrospective cohort study Résumé : Background Investigating the short- and long-term health outcomes after stroke is a public health priority. Objectives We aimed to analyse the incidence of urinary and fecal incontinence within 10 years of stroke in individuals followed in general practice in Germany. Methods Individuals who had received an initial stroke diagnosis at one of 1262 general practices in Germany between January 2006 and December 2015 were included (index date). Individuals without stroke were matched (1:1) to those with stroke based on propensity scores by using a “greedy” algorithm and logistic regression with sex, age, index year, and 17 comorbidities diagnosed in the 12 months before the index date. The main outcome of the study was the incidence of urinary and fecal incontinence within 10 years of stroke. Results This study analysed data for 16,181 individuals with stroke and 16,181 without stroke. Within 10 years of the index date, 22% and 11% of men with and without stroke received a diagnosis of urinary incontinence (log-rank P < 0.001); the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 34% in female stroke survivors and 17% in females with no history of stroke (log-rank P < 0.001). The respective proportions of fecal incontinence were 5% and 2% for men (log-rank P < 0.001) and 6% and 3% for women (log-rank P < 0.001). Overall, stroke was positively associated with both urinary incontinence (men: hazard ratio [HR] 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.10–2.61; women: HR 2.36, 95% CI 2.14–2.61) and fecal incontinence (men: HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.88–3.13; women: HR 2.60, 95% CI 1.98–3.41). Conclusion This study, using data from Germany, suggests that general practitioners should regularly screen for urinary and fecal incontinence in the decade following stroke. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91326 [article] Urinary and fecal incontinence in stroke survivors followed in general practice : A retrospective cohort study [texte imprimé] / Louis Jacob ; Karel Kostev . - 2020 . - p. 488-494. doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.12.007 Langues : Anglais (eng) in Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine > Vol. 63, n°6 (November 20) . - p. 488-494 Mots-clés : Urinary incontinence  Fecal incontinence  Stroke  General practices  Germany  Retrospective cohort study Résumé : Background Investigating the short- and long-term health outcomes after stroke is a public health priority. Objectives We aimed to analyse the incidence of urinary and fecal incontinence within 10 years of stroke in individuals followed in general practice in Germany. Methods Individuals who had received an initial stroke diagnosis at one of 1262 general practices in Germany between January 2006 and December 2015 were included (index date). Individuals without stroke were matched (1:1) to those with stroke based on propensity scores by using a “greedy” algorithm and logistic regression with sex, age, index year, and 17 comorbidities diagnosed in the 12 months before the index date. The main outcome of the study was the incidence of urinary and fecal incontinence within 10 years of stroke. Results This study analysed data for 16,181 individuals with stroke and 16,181 without stroke. Within 10 years of the index date, 22% and 11% of men with and without stroke received a diagnosis of urinary incontinence (log-rank P < 0.001); the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 34% in female stroke survivors and 17% in females with no history of stroke (log-rank P < 0.001). The respective proportions of fecal incontinence were 5% and 2% for men (log-rank P < 0.001) and 6% and 3% for women (log-rank P < 0.001). Overall, stroke was positively associated with both urinary incontinence (men: hazard ratio [HR] 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.10–2.61; women: HR 2.36, 95% CI 2.14–2.61) and fecal incontinence (men: HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.88–3.13; women: HR 2.60, 95% CI 1.98–3.41). Conclusion This study, using data from Germany, suggests that general practitioners should regularly screen for urinary and fecal incontinence in the decade following stroke. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91326

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