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Shared and distinctive features of the gut microbiome of C57BL/6 mice from different vendors and production sites, and in response to a new vivarium / Lauren L Long in LabAnimal, Vol. 21 N°8 (Augustus 2021)

Public ISBD [article]  inLabAnimal > Vol. 21 N°8 (Augustus 2021) . - p. 7-22 Titre : Shared and distinctive features of the gut microbiome of C57BL/6 mice from different vendors and production sites, and in response to a new vivarium Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lauren L Long ; Karen L Svenson ; Anthony J Mourino Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 7-22 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : Animal models play a critical role in establishing causal relationships between gut microbiota and disease. The laboratory mouse is widely used to study the role of microbes in various disorders; however, differences between mouse vendors, genetic lineages and husbandry protocols have been shown to contribute to variation in phenotypes and to non-reproducibility of experimental results. We sought to understand how gut microbiome profiles of mice vary by vendor, vendor production facility and health status upon receipt into an academic facility and how they change over 12 weeks in the new environment. C57BL/6 mice were sourced from two different production sites for each of three different vendors. Mice were shipped to an academic research vivarium, and fresh-catch stool samples were collected from mice immediately from the shipping box upon receipt, and again after 2, 6 and 12 weeks in the new facility. Substantial variation in bacterial proportional abundance was observed among mice from each vendor at the time of receipt, but shared microbes accounted for most sequence reads. Vendor-specific microbes were generally of low abundance. Microbial profiles of mice from all vendors exhibited shifts over time, highlighting the importance of environmental conditions on microbial dynamics. Our results emphasize the need for continued efforts to account for sources of variation in animal models and understand how they contribute to experimental reproducibility. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96056 [article] Shared and distinctive features of the gut microbiome of C57BL/6 mice from different vendors and production sites, and in response to a new vivarium [texte imprimé] / Lauren L Long ; Karen L Svenson ; Anthony J Mourino . - 2021 . - p. 7-22. Langues : Anglais (eng) in LabAnimal > Vol. 21 N°8 (Augustus 2021) . - p. 7-22 Résumé : Animal models play a critical role in establishing causal relationships between gut microbiota and disease. The laboratory mouse is widely used to study the role of microbes in various disorders; however, differences between mouse vendors, genetic lineages and husbandry protocols have been shown to contribute to variation in phenotypes and to non-reproducibility of experimental results. We sought to understand how gut microbiome profiles of mice vary by vendor, vendor production facility and health status upon receipt into an academic facility and how they change over 12 weeks in the new environment. C57BL/6 mice were sourced from two different production sites for each of three different vendors. Mice were shipped to an academic research vivarium, and fresh-catch stool samples were collected from mice immediately from the shipping box upon receipt, and again after 2, 6 and 12 weeks in the new facility. Substantial variation in bacterial proportional abundance was observed among mice from each vendor at the time of receipt, but shared microbes accounted for most sequence reads. Vendor-specific microbes were generally of low abundance. Microbial profiles of mice from all vendors exhibited shifts over time, highlighting the importance of environmental conditions on microbial dynamics. Our results emphasize the need for continued efforts to account for sources of variation in animal models and understand how they contribute to experimental reproducibility. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96056

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Using touchscreen-delivered cognitive assessments to address the principles of the 3Rs in behavioral sciences / Laura Lopez-Cruz in LabAnimal, Vol. 21 N°8 (Augustus 2021)

Public ISBD [article]  inLabAnimal > Vol. 21 N°8 (Augustus 2021) . - p. 23-33 Titre : Using touchscreen-delivered cognitive assessments to address the principles of the 3Rs in behavioral sciences Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Laura Lopez-Cruz ; Timothy J Bussey ; Lisa M Saksida Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 23-33 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : Despite considerable advances in both in silico and in vitro approaches, in vivo studies that involve animal model systems remain necessary in many research disciplines. Neuroscience is one such area, with studies often requiring access to a complete nervous system capable of dynamically selecting between and then executing a full range of cognitive and behavioral outputs in response to a given stimulus or other manipulation. The involvement of animals in research studies is an issue of active public debate and concern and is therefore carefully regulated. Such regulations are based on the principles of the 3Rs of Replacement, Reduction and Refinement. In the sub-specialty of behavioral neuroscience, Full/Absolute Replacement remains a major challenge, as the complete ex vivo recapitulation of a system as complex and dynamic as the nervous system has yet to be achieved. However, a number of very positive developments have occurred in this area with respect to Relative Replacement and to both Refinement and Reduction. In this review, we discuss the Refinement- and Reduction-related benefits yielded by the introduction of touchscreen-based behavioral assessment apparatus. We also discuss how data generated by a specific panel of behavioral tasks developed for this platform might substantially enhance monitoring of laboratory animal welfare and provide robust, quantitative comparisons of husbandry techniques to define and ensure maintenance of best practice. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96057 [article] Using touchscreen-delivered cognitive assessments to address the principles of the 3Rs in behavioral sciences [texte imprimé] / Laura Lopez-Cruz ; Timothy J Bussey ; Lisa M Saksida . - 2021 . - p. 23-33. Langues : Anglais (eng) in LabAnimal > Vol. 21 N°8 (Augustus 2021) . - p. 23-33 Résumé : Despite considerable advances in both in silico and in vitro approaches, in vivo studies that involve animal model systems remain necessary in many research disciplines. Neuroscience is one such area, with studies often requiring access to a complete nervous system capable of dynamically selecting between and then executing a full range of cognitive and behavioral outputs in response to a given stimulus or other manipulation. The involvement of animals in research studies is an issue of active public debate and concern and is therefore carefully regulated. Such regulations are based on the principles of the 3Rs of Replacement, Reduction and Refinement. In the sub-specialty of behavioral neuroscience, Full/Absolute Replacement remains a major challenge, as the complete ex vivo recapitulation of a system as complex and dynamic as the nervous system has yet to be achieved. However, a number of very positive developments have occurred in this area with respect to Relative Replacement and to both Refinement and Reduction. In this review, we discuss the Refinement- and Reduction-related benefits yielded by the introduction of touchscreen-based behavioral assessment apparatus. We also discuss how data generated by a specific panel of behavioral tasks developed for this platform might substantially enhance monitoring of laboratory animal welfare and provide robust, quantitative comparisons of husbandry techniques to define and ensure maintenance of best practice. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96057

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Nonhuman primate models for SARS-CoV-2 research: Cryopreservation as a means to maintain critical models and enhance the genetic diversity of colonies / Matthew E Arnegard in LabAnimal, Vol. 21 N°8 (Augustus 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inLabAnimal > Vol. 21 N°8 (Augustus 2021) . - p. 34-35 Titre : Nonhuman primate models for SARS-CoV-2 research: Cryopreservation as a means to maintain critical models and enhance the genetic diversity of colonies Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Matthew E Arnegard ; Sheri Ann Hild Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 34-35 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : Nonhuman primate (NHP) models, the most predictive preclinical models for human diseases and treatment outcomes, are in high demand and limited supply. There is a need for improved cryopreservation methods and routine storage of gametes and embryos, which are vital to protecting unique genetic models as well as providing resources for enhancing the genetic diversity of NHP colonies. En ligne : https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00792-1 Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96058 [article] Nonhuman primate models for SARS-CoV-2 research: Cryopreservation as a means to maintain critical models and enhance the genetic diversity of colonies [texte imprimé] / Matthew E Arnegard ; Sheri Ann Hild . - 2021 . - p. 34-35. Langues : Anglais (eng) in LabAnimal > Vol. 21 N°8 (Augustus 2021) . - p. 34-35 Résumé : Nonhuman primate (NHP) models, the most predictive preclinical models for human diseases and treatment outcomes, are in high demand and limited supply. There is a need for improved cryopreservation methods and routine storage of gametes and embryos, which are vital to protecting unique genetic models as well as providing resources for enhancing the genetic diversity of NHP colonies. En ligne : https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00792-1 Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96058

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There is no mouse: using a virtual mouse to generate training data for video-based pose estimation / Guido T Meijer in LabAnimal, Vol. 21 N°8 (Augustus 2021)

Public ISBD [article]  inLabAnimal > Vol. 21 N°8 (Augustus 2021) . - p. 36-37 Titre : There is no mouse: using a virtual mouse to generate training data for video-based pose estimation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Guido T Meijer ; Jaime Arlandis ; Anne E Urai Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 36-37 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : Over the last decade, deep artificial neural networks have revolutionized fields such as speech recognition, object detection, and drug discovery1. Such ‘deep learning’ algorithms learn which features of the data are relevant to perform a certain task. This makes hand-built ‘feature extractors’ unnecessary and obsolete since they are a more time consuming, inefficient, and less versatile way of dealing with this problem. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96059 [article] There is no mouse: using a virtual mouse to generate training data for video-based pose estimation [texte imprimé] / Guido T Meijer ; Jaime Arlandis ; Anne E Urai . - 2021 . - p. 36-37. Langues : Anglais (eng) in LabAnimal > Vol. 21 N°8 (Augustus 2021) . - p. 36-37 Résumé : Over the last decade, deep artificial neural networks have revolutionized fields such as speech recognition, object detection, and drug discovery1. Such ‘deep learning’ algorithms learn which features of the data are relevant to perform a certain task. This makes hand-built ‘feature extractors’ unnecessary and obsolete since they are a more time consuming, inefficient, and less versatile way of dealing with this problem. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96059

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Clarifying a crowded field of techniques / Michael Eisenstein in LabAnimal, Vol. 21 N°8 (Augustus 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inLabAnimal > Vol. 21 N°8 (Augustus 2021) . - p. 38-40 Titre : Clarifying a crowded field of techniques Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael Eisenstein Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 38-40 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : Tissue clearing methods let researchers see inside their animal models. However, there are a lot of options out there. Which to choose can depend on your question. En ligne : https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00796-x Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96060 [article] Clarifying a crowded field of techniques [texte imprimé] / Michael Eisenstein . - 2021 . - p. 38-40. Langues : Anglais (eng) in LabAnimal > Vol. 21 N°8 (Augustus 2021) . - p. 38-40 Résumé : Tissue clearing methods let researchers see inside their animal models. However, there are a lot of options out there. Which to choose can depend on your question. En ligne : https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00796-x Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96060

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