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Treatment fidelity / Mary W. Hildebrand in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019) . - p. 261-262 Titre : Treatment fidelity Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mary W. Hildebrand Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 261-262 Note générale : doi.org/10.1177/0308022618816602 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : Occupational therapy interventions are difficult to evaluate because they are complex and dependent on therapist and client interactions. Psychotherapy and health behavior change interventions are similar in this respect, but to improve credibility for evidence-based interventions, over the previous few decades these fields have made significant progress in requiring that outcomes research incorporate and report treatment fidelity methods. Treatment fidelity is simply the degree to which an intervention was delivered as designed. However, health behavior change research has identified multiple components of treatment fidelity in outcomes research (Bellg et al., 2004). Leaders in these fields have urged researchers to measure and report the following components for achieving treatment fidelity: define specific characteristics or active ingredients of the intervention so that it is replicable (treatment design); provide standardized training of the clinicians to ensure the accuracy and consistency of delivery of the intervention over time (treatment integrity); ensure that the experimental and control treatment conditions are distinct from one another (treatment differentiation); assess how well the subjects understand the treatment (treatment receipt); and determine if the subjects apply the intervention (treatment enactment). These concepts and techniques can be incorporated into occupational therapy research and, as in psychotherapy and behavior change interventions, can lead to increased confidence that the outcomes of a study are attributable to the active ingredients of the intervention and not to extraneous variables or differences in practitioners who deliver the intervention (Bellg et al., 2004). Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80411 [article] Treatment fidelity [texte imprimé] / Mary W. Hildebrand . - 2019 . - p. 261-262. doi.org/10.1177/0308022618816602 Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019) . - p. 261-262 Résumé : Occupational therapy interventions are difficult to evaluate because they are complex and dependent on therapist and client interactions. Psychotherapy and health behavior change interventions are similar in this respect, but to improve credibility for evidence-based interventions, over the previous few decades these fields have made significant progress in requiring that outcomes research incorporate and report treatment fidelity methods. Treatment fidelity is simply the degree to which an intervention was delivered as designed. However, health behavior change research has identified multiple components of treatment fidelity in outcomes research (Bellg et al., 2004). Leaders in these fields have urged researchers to measure and report the following components for achieving treatment fidelity: define specific characteristics or active ingredients of the intervention so that it is replicable (treatment design); provide standardized training of the clinicians to ensure the accuracy and consistency of delivery of the intervention over time (treatment integrity); ensure that the experimental and control treatment conditions are distinct from one another (treatment differentiation); assess how well the subjects understand the treatment (treatment receipt); and determine if the subjects apply the intervention (treatment enactment). These concepts and techniques can be incorporated into occupational therapy research and, as in psychotherapy and behavior change interventions, can lead to increased confidence that the outcomes of a study are attributable to the active ingredients of the intervention and not to extraneous variables or differences in practitioners who deliver the intervention (Bellg et al., 2004). Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80411

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Treatment fidelity in Model of Human Occupation research / Patricia Bowyer in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019) . - p. 263-271 Titre : Treatment fidelity in Model of Human Occupation research Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Patricia Bowyer ; Melanie Morriss Tkach Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 263-271 Note générale : doi.org/10.1177/0308022618803858 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Treatment fidelity  Model of Human Occupation  research design  evidence-based treatment  occupational therapy Résumé : Introduction Treatment fidelity is an important consideration in occupational therapy efficacy research. It involves methodological strategies that enhance quantitative rigor and improves confidence in research outcomes. This study examines treatment fidelity in Model of Human Occupation efficacy literature because it is a widely used, occupation-focused theory with a substantial evidence base. Method Relevant articles (n = 17) were coded for treatment fidelity with the Treatment Fidelity Measure. Percentages of articles reporting treatment fidelity strategies and mean adherence to fidelity strategies were calculated. One-way analysis of variance was used to examine fidelity over time. Results Only one study reported provider training strategies and measured nonspecific treatment effects. Overall mean adherence to treatment fidelity strategies for Model of Human Occupation research was 0.57; one study demonstrated high fidelity with a score of ≥0.80. Model of Human Occupation efficacy literature trends toward higher levels of treatment fidelity over time. Conclusion Model of Human Occupation research demonstrates a moderate level of treatment fidelity overall; it has stronger treatment fidelity from 2001 to the present. As the model progresses toward more outcomes studies, Model of Human Occupation scholars should report provider training and strategies that monitor treatment delivery to improve the quality and applicability of research outcomes. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80412 [article] Treatment fidelity in Model of Human Occupation research [texte imprimé] / Patricia Bowyer ; Melanie Morriss Tkach . - 2019 . - p. 263-271. doi.org/10.1177/0308022618803858 Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019) . - p. 263-271 Mots-clés : Treatment fidelity  Model of Human Occupation  research design  evidence-based treatment  occupational therapy Résumé : Introduction Treatment fidelity is an important consideration in occupational therapy efficacy research. It involves methodological strategies that enhance quantitative rigor and improves confidence in research outcomes. This study examines treatment fidelity in Model of Human Occupation efficacy literature because it is a widely used, occupation-focused theory with a substantial evidence base. Method Relevant articles (n = 17) were coded for treatment fidelity with the Treatment Fidelity Measure. Percentages of articles reporting treatment fidelity strategies and mean adherence to fidelity strategies were calculated. One-way analysis of variance was used to examine fidelity over time. Results Only one study reported provider training strategies and measured nonspecific treatment effects. Overall mean adherence to treatment fidelity strategies for Model of Human Occupation research was 0.57; one study demonstrated high fidelity with a score of ≥0.80. Model of Human Occupation efficacy literature trends toward higher levels of treatment fidelity over time. Conclusion Model of Human Occupation research demonstrates a moderate level of treatment fidelity overall; it has stronger treatment fidelity from 2001 to the present. As the model progresses toward more outcomes studies, Model of Human Occupation scholars should report provider training and strategies that monitor treatment delivery to improve the quality and applicability of research outcomes. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80412

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Understanding the meaning and use of occupational engagement: Findings from a scoping review / Melissa H. Black in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019) . - p. 272-287 Titre : Understanding the meaning and use of occupational engagement: Findings from a scoping review Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Melissa H. Black ; Benjamin Milbourn ; Kyle Desjardins ; Victoria Sylvester ; Kimberley Parrant ; Angus Buchanan Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 272-287 Note générale : doi.org/10.1177/0308022618821580 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Occupation  occupational engagement  occupational therapy  occupational science Résumé : Introduction It is theorized that occupational therapy practice is underpinned by the construct of occupational engagement, with a focus on examining the subjective meaning of occupation. The theoretical definition of occupational engagement presents significant challenges to its use, evaluation, and measurement within evidence-based contemporary occupational therapy practice. Method A scoping review was conducted to examine how occupational engagement is defined within occupational therapy literature and how occupational engagement is evaluated. Results Twenty-six journal articles were identified. Definitions were fragmented and inconsistent across studies. Key themes relating to definitions of occupational engagement included active involvement in occupation, finding value and meaning, balanced engagement, subjective experience of engagement, developing identity through occupation, and social and environmental interactions. Measures seeking to understand occupational engagement were varied across studies, with a consistent measure applied only in the area of mental health. Conclusion The lack of consistency in definitions and measurement of occupational engagement presents significant issues for occupational therapy practice and evaluation. There is a need for a common definition of occupational engagement to be applied in the literature. Outcome measures seeking to understand occupational engagement are also required; however, these rely on a clearly defined construct. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80413 [article] Understanding the meaning and use of occupational engagement: Findings from a scoping review [texte imprimé] / Melissa H. Black ; Benjamin Milbourn ; Kyle Desjardins ; Victoria Sylvester ; Kimberley Parrant ; Angus Buchanan . - 2019 . - p. 272-287. doi.org/10.1177/0308022618821580 Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019) . - p. 272-287 Mots-clés : Occupation  occupational engagement  occupational therapy  occupational science Résumé : Introduction It is theorized that occupational therapy practice is underpinned by the construct of occupational engagement, with a focus on examining the subjective meaning of occupation. The theoretical definition of occupational engagement presents significant challenges to its use, evaluation, and measurement within evidence-based contemporary occupational therapy practice. Method A scoping review was conducted to examine how occupational engagement is defined within occupational therapy literature and how occupational engagement is evaluated. Results Twenty-six journal articles were identified. Definitions were fragmented and inconsistent across studies. Key themes relating to definitions of occupational engagement included active involvement in occupation, finding value and meaning, balanced engagement, subjective experience of engagement, developing identity through occupation, and social and environmental interactions. Measures seeking to understand occupational engagement were varied across studies, with a consistent measure applied only in the area of mental health. Conclusion The lack of consistency in definitions and measurement of occupational engagement presents significant issues for occupational therapy practice and evaluation. There is a need for a common definition of occupational engagement to be applied in the literature. Outcome measures seeking to understand occupational engagement are also required; however, these rely on a clearly defined construct. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80413

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A controlled study analyzing the temporal activity patterns of individuals with stroke compared to healthy adults / Ibrahim Yavuz Tatli in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019) . - p. 288-295 Titre : A controlled study analyzing the temporal activity patterns of individuals with stroke compared to healthy adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ibrahim Yavuz Tatli ; Burcu Semin Akel Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 288-295 Note générale : https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022618819996 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Time  stroke  rehabilitation  human activities  participation Résumé : Introduction The understanding of the temporal pattern of individuals can add a wider perspective to interventions. Therefore, the present study is aimed toward analysis of the temporal activity pattern of individuals with stroke compared to healthy adults. Method This study is a prospective, case–control, analytic research study. The study sample comprised 50 individuals with stroke and 50 individuals without disease, for 80% power with a 5% type 1 error. The Modified Occupational Questionnaire was administered to assess the temporal activity pattern. Individuals identified the activities performed at each hour of the day and data was analyzed. Results The temporal activity pattern of individuals with stroke differed from healthy controls; education and play activities were not part of stroke participants’ daily routines. Also, participation in work, leisure and social participation activities was significantly different for people with stroke compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). The study group assigned very low values to the activities; the value perceived by individuals differed significantly between groups (p < 0.01). Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80414 [article] A controlled study analyzing the temporal activity patterns of individuals with stroke compared to healthy adults [texte imprimé] / Ibrahim Yavuz Tatli ; Burcu Semin Akel . - 2019 . - p. 288-295. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022618819996 Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019) . - p. 288-295 Mots-clés : Time  stroke  rehabilitation  human activities  participation Résumé : Introduction The understanding of the temporal pattern of individuals can add a wider perspective to interventions. Therefore, the present study is aimed toward analysis of the temporal activity pattern of individuals with stroke compared to healthy adults. Method This study is a prospective, case–control, analytic research study. The study sample comprised 50 individuals with stroke and 50 individuals without disease, for 80% power with a 5% type 1 error. The Modified Occupational Questionnaire was administered to assess the temporal activity pattern. Individuals identified the activities performed at each hour of the day and data was analyzed. Results The temporal activity pattern of individuals with stroke differed from healthy controls; education and play activities were not part of stroke participants’ daily routines. Also, participation in work, leisure and social participation activities was significantly different for people with stroke compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). The study group assigned very low values to the activities; the value perceived by individuals differed significantly between groups (p < 0.01). Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80414

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Understanding diabetes self-management using the Model of Human Occupation / Bel Youngson in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019) . - p. 296-305 Titre : Understanding diabetes self-management using the Model of Human Occupation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Bel Youngson Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 296-305 Note générale : doi.org/10.1177/0308022618820010 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Model of Human Occupation  diabetes self-management  occupational therapy Résumé : Introduction Over 400 million people worldwide are living with diabetes. Research suggests that people struggle to manage their diabetes and an in-depth understanding of the lived experience of diabetes is required to inform and promote occupational therapy practice. This article reports on one part of a PhD study into the role of occupational therapy in diabetes self-management. Method Semi-structured interviews using an intuitive inquiry methodology were conducted with 22 people with diabetes in three separate studies. Analysis of the lived experience of all participants was drawn together to explore the understanding of diabetes self-management from an occupational perspective using the Model of Human Occupation. Findings The occupation of diabetes self-management was conceptualised with seven inter-related occupational forms. Challenges were related to occupational identity, volition, habituation, performance capacity and the context in which these took place. Conclusion This study, embedded in the experiences of those with diabetes, suggests that occupational therapy has a distinct role in diabetes self-management, through seeing this self-management as an occupation. The use of the Model of Human Occupation enables a focus on the characteristics of the occupational forms and how these might be adapted for successful occupational engagement. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80415 [article] Understanding diabetes self-management using the Model of Human Occupation [texte imprimé] / Bel Youngson . - 2019 . - p. 296-305. doi.org/10.1177/0308022618820010 Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019) . - p. 296-305 Mots-clés : Model of Human Occupation  diabetes self-management  occupational therapy Résumé : Introduction Over 400 million people worldwide are living with diabetes. Research suggests that people struggle to manage their diabetes and an in-depth understanding of the lived experience of diabetes is required to inform and promote occupational therapy practice. This article reports on one part of a PhD study into the role of occupational therapy in diabetes self-management. Method Semi-structured interviews using an intuitive inquiry methodology were conducted with 22 people with diabetes in three separate studies. Analysis of the lived experience of all participants was drawn together to explore the understanding of diabetes self-management from an occupational perspective using the Model of Human Occupation. Findings The occupation of diabetes self-management was conceptualised with seven inter-related occupational forms. Challenges were related to occupational identity, volition, habituation, performance capacity and the context in which these took place. Conclusion This study, embedded in the experiences of those with diabetes, suggests that occupational therapy has a distinct role in diabetes self-management, through seeing this self-management as an occupation. The use of the Model of Human Occupation enables a focus on the characteristics of the occupational forms and how these might be adapted for successful occupational engagement. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80415

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Interaction between time organization and participation dimensions among higher education students / Merav Porath in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019) . - p. 306-315 Titre : Interaction between time organization and participation dimensions among higher education students Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Merav Porath Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 306-315 Note générale : https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022618816641 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Time organization  higher education student  area of occupation  participation  occupational therapy Résumé : Introduction In today's academic world, higher education students from all study areas are expected to simultaneously cope with a variety of assignments, which increases stress levels. This tension may affect productivity, health and quality of life. Hence, it is important for students to adopt effective time organization and management techniques. This study aims to characterize time organization and participation dimensions, and the relationships between those dimensions among undergraduate students. Method The research sample consisted of 60 undergraduate students who completed several questionnaires: demographic, time organization and participation scales assessing daily time organization; an occupational questionnaire; and additional questions for assessing further daily participation dimensions that are unique to students. Results Time-organization ability related to and maintained a predictive relationship with individual daily participation aspects. Particularly, academic and daily routine constituted a majority (44%) of the students' time. Regression analysis indicated that the way the students' daily activities were organized in terms of time use explained between 12% and 18% of the variance of daily participation dimensions as performance, enjoyment and motivation levels. Conclusion Time-organization abilities significantly affected students' participation dimensions. Further research is recommended to help develop an assessment and intervention programme suiting student needs and enhancing their productivity potential and wellbeing. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80416 [article] Interaction between time organization and participation dimensions among higher education students [texte imprimé] / Merav Porath . - 2019 . - p. 306-315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022618816641 Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019) . - p. 306-315 Mots-clés : Time organization  higher education student  area of occupation  participation  occupational therapy Résumé : Introduction In today's academic world, higher education students from all study areas are expected to simultaneously cope with a variety of assignments, which increases stress levels. This tension may affect productivity, health and quality of life. Hence, it is important for students to adopt effective time organization and management techniques. This study aims to characterize time organization and participation dimensions, and the relationships between those dimensions among undergraduate students. Method The research sample consisted of 60 undergraduate students who completed several questionnaires: demographic, time organization and participation scales assessing daily time organization; an occupational questionnaire; and additional questions for assessing further daily participation dimensions that are unique to students. Results Time-organization ability related to and maintained a predictive relationship with individual daily participation aspects. Particularly, academic and daily routine constituted a majority (44%) of the students' time. Regression analysis indicated that the way the students' daily activities were organized in terms of time use explained between 12% and 18% of the variance of daily participation dimensions as performance, enjoyment and motivation levels. Conclusion Time-organization abilities significantly affected students' participation dimensions. Further research is recommended to help develop an assessment and intervention programme suiting student needs and enhancing their productivity potential and wellbeing. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80416

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Strengthening occupational therapy practice with communities after traumatic events / Kylie A. Carra in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019) . - p. 316-319 Titre : Strengthening occupational therapy practice with communities after traumatic events Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kylie A. Carra ; Nerida Hyett ; Amanda Kenny ; Michael Curtin Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 316-319 Note générale : https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022618795594 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Occupational therapy  human occupation  occupational justice  community-centred practice  trauma  environment and public health Résumé : Occupational therapists have immense potential to strengthen their role in supporting communities to recover from collective trauma. After traumatic events, a community-centred practice approach can be used by occupational therapists to improve health, safety, security and wellbeing at a population level. Three strategies to strengthen the role of occupational therapy in this critical area of practice are proposed: (a) work collaboratively with communities to design programmes centred on community strengths and needs; (b) select and use therapeutic occupations to support community recovery; and (c) develop strong networks to enhance community partnerships and sustainability of services. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80417 [article] Strengthening occupational therapy practice with communities after traumatic events [texte imprimé] / Kylie A. Carra ; Nerida Hyett ; Amanda Kenny ; Michael Curtin . - 2019 . - p. 316-319. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022618795594 Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol. 82 Issue 5 (Mai 2019) . - p. 316-319 Mots-clés : Occupational therapy  human occupation  occupational justice  community-centred practice  trauma  environment and public health Résumé : Occupational therapists have immense potential to strengthen their role in supporting communities to recover from collective trauma. After traumatic events, a community-centred practice approach can be used by occupational therapists to improve health, safety, security and wellbeing at a population level. Three strategies to strengthen the role of occupational therapy in this critical area of practice are proposed: (a) work collaboratively with communities to design programmes centred on community strengths and needs; (b) select and use therapeutic occupations to support community recovery; and (c) develop strong networks to enhance community partnerships and sustainability of services. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80417

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