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Occupational therapy past and present: Responding to physical, cognitive and emotional consequences of war / Aaron M. Eakman in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 697-698 Titre : Occupational therapy past and present: Responding to physical, cognitive and emotional consequences of war Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Aaron M. Eakman ; Mary Vining Radomski Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 697-698 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : violence  guerre  psychologie  ergothérapie Résumé : It has been one hundred years since the First World War (1914–18), the most devastating war in human history in terms of loss of life. At that time, war aides from Canada and restorative aides from Great Britain and the United States sought to improve the lives of service members who had evaded death, yet suffered great physical and emotional pain. Restoring the Spirit (Friedland, 2011) details the Canadian response—a defining moment for the nascent profession of occupational therapy. Practice emerged from the profession’s use of restorative occupations to promote healthy lifestyles and mental health. As service members healed, bedside occupations involving crafts diverted attention from pain and situation, increased self-confidence, and raised morale. Recovery of functional skills and eventual return to productive employment through vocational training programs were intended outcomes for service members. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57818 [article] Occupational therapy past and present: Responding to physical, cognitive and emotional consequences of war [texte imprimé] / Aaron M. Eakman ; Mary Vining Radomski . - 2017 . - p. 697-698. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 697-698 Mots-clés : violence  guerre  psychologie  ergothérapie Résumé : It has been one hundred years since the First World War (1914–18), the most devastating war in human history in terms of loss of life. At that time, war aides from Canada and restorative aides from Great Britain and the United States sought to improve the lives of service members who had evaded death, yet suffered great physical and emotional pain. Restoring the Spirit (Friedland, 2011) details the Canadian response—a defining moment for the nascent profession of occupational therapy. Practice emerged from the profession’s use of restorative occupations to promote healthy lifestyles and mental health. As service members healed, bedside occupations involving crafts diverted attention from pain and situation, increased self-confidence, and raised morale. Recovery of functional skills and eventual return to productive employment through vocational training programs were intended outcomes for service members. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57818

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Self-stigma and fears of employment among adults with psychiatric disabilities / Emily Hielscher in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 699-706 Titre : Self-stigma and fears of employment among adults with psychiatric disabilities Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Emily Hielscher ; Geoff Waghorn Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 699-706 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : emploi  psychiatrie Résumé : Introduction Although mental illness stigma has been extensively investigated, it is not known whether stigma experiences increase general fears of employment and impact on employment goals and on attaining employment. The aims of this study were to develop and trial brief measures of employment values and employment fears that could be used to further investigate any impacts of community stigma on personal employment goals. Method The psychometric properties of a new Employment Fears Scale and an Employment Values Scale were examined over a 2–4-week period, following repeated administration to 25 adult community residents with severe mental illness. Concurrent validity with respect to experiences of stigma, self-stigma, and current and previous employment were also examined. Results Employment fears and employment values can be reliably measured. Employment fears were more closely related to self-stigma than either current employment or employment over the previous year. Conclusion The Employment Fears Scale in particular appears to be useful for investigating stigma-related barriers to employment among people with psychiatric disabilities. Occupational therapists can use these tools to explore how those fears might be reduced through tailored interventions aiming to improve an individual’s employment prospects in vocational rehabilitation. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57819 [article] Self-stigma and fears of employment among adults with psychiatric disabilities [texte imprimé] / Emily Hielscher ; Geoff Waghorn . - 2017 . - p. 699-706. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 699-706 Mots-clés : emploi  psychiatrie Résumé : Introduction Although mental illness stigma has been extensively investigated, it is not known whether stigma experiences increase general fears of employment and impact on employment goals and on attaining employment. The aims of this study were to develop and trial brief measures of employment values and employment fears that could be used to further investigate any impacts of community stigma on personal employment goals. Method The psychometric properties of a new Employment Fears Scale and an Employment Values Scale were examined over a 2–4-week period, following repeated administration to 25 adult community residents with severe mental illness. Concurrent validity with respect to experiences of stigma, self-stigma, and current and previous employment were also examined. Results Employment fears and employment values can be reliably measured. Employment fears were more closely related to self-stigma than either current employment or employment over the previous year. Conclusion The Employment Fears Scale in particular appears to be useful for investigating stigma-related barriers to employment among people with psychiatric disabilities. Occupational therapists can use these tools to explore how those fears might be reduced through tailored interventions aiming to improve an individual’s employment prospects in vocational rehabilitation. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57819

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Work-related experiences of people who hear voices: An occupational perspective / Lisa Craig in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 707-716 Titre : Work-related experiences of people who hear voices: An occupational perspective Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lisa Craig ; Josh Cameron ; Eleanor Longden Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 707-716 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : travail  psychiatrie  ergothérapie  psychose  hallucination auditive  résilience Résumé : Introduction Hearing distressing voices can be a significant mental health challenge, potentially disrupting working lives. Yet few studies have explored voice-hearing in relation to employment. This study aimed to understand the work-related experiences of voice-hearers, including the impacts on their working lives and their corresponding self-management strategies. Method A phenomenological approach gathered data from the electronic diaries of five voice-hearers with experience of working. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Critical and distressing voices that demanded full attention were most disruptive of people’s working lives, particularly affecting concentration, communication and task completion. At times voices were experienced as neutral and, for some, as supportive of work. Meaningful experiences of work could diminish the negative impact of voice-hearing. A range of resilience strategies were used to manage voices, notably attempts to interact with voices and using activities (including work) to engage or distract them. The diary method of writing about one’s experiences emerged as an unanticipated positive occupational coping strategy. Conclusion Practitioners should pay close attention to the diversity of individual voice-hearing experiences and self-management strategies (including occupational ones) and draw on these to support their clients’ participation in work. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57820 [article] Work-related experiences of people who hear voices: An occupational perspective [texte imprimé] / Lisa Craig ; Josh Cameron ; Eleanor Longden . - 2017 . - p. 707-716. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 707-716 Mots-clés : travail  psychiatrie  ergothérapie  psychose  hallucination auditive  résilience Résumé : Introduction Hearing distressing voices can be a significant mental health challenge, potentially disrupting working lives. Yet few studies have explored voice-hearing in relation to employment. This study aimed to understand the work-related experiences of voice-hearers, including the impacts on their working lives and their corresponding self-management strategies. Method A phenomenological approach gathered data from the electronic diaries of five voice-hearers with experience of working. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Critical and distressing voices that demanded full attention were most disruptive of people’s working lives, particularly affecting concentration, communication and task completion. At times voices were experienced as neutral and, for some, as supportive of work. Meaningful experiences of work could diminish the negative impact of voice-hearing. A range of resilience strategies were used to manage voices, notably attempts to interact with voices and using activities (including work) to engage or distract them. The diary method of writing about one’s experiences emerged as an unanticipated positive occupational coping strategy. Conclusion Practitioners should pay close attention to the diversity of individual voice-hearing experiences and self-management strategies (including occupational ones) and draw on these to support their clients’ participation in work. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57820

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An evaluation of a vocational group for people with mental health problems based on The WORKS framework / Danielle Hitch in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 717-725 Titre : An evaluation of a vocational group for people with mental health problems based on The WORKS framework Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Danielle Hitch ; Johanna V.G. Robertson ; Hanno Ochoteco ; [et al...] Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 717-725 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ergothérapie  santé mentale  psychiatrie  travail  emploi Résumé : Introduction Attitudinal, social and workplace barriers, as well as poor health, can disrupt participation in education and employment for people experiencing mental illness. The WORKS framework conceptualises support for employment and mental health in relation to three starting points on vocational pathways: Starting Out, Moving Forward, and Keeping Going and Growing. Method The WORKS ‘Starting Out’ phase was adapted for a vocational group run in an Australian mental health service, and qualitative methods used to evaluate three consecutive programmes. Focus group data about service user participants’ (n = 20) views were subjected to content analysis. Findings Two themes related to programme experience were identified: ‘Working together’ and ‘Experiencing structured workshops’. Four themes related to the influences of the group on recovery and vocational aspirations: ‘Work and recovery’; ‘What we got from Starting Out’; ‘Promoting vocation’ and ‘Where to next?’ Conclusion The findings confirmed the importance of employment to people experiencing longstanding mental illness, and demonstrated that the ‘Starting Out’ programme provided a meaningful way of opening conversations about work. Co-facilitation by occupational therapists and peer workers enabled a respectful environment, which supported participants to identify transferable skills, reconnect with vocational goals and redefine themselves as ‘employable’. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57821 [article] An evaluation of a vocational group for people with mental health problems based on The WORKS framework [texte imprimé] / Danielle Hitch ; Johanna V.G. Robertson ; Hanno Ochoteco ; [et al...] . - 2017 . - p. 717-725. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 717-725 Mots-clés : ergothérapie  santé mentale  psychiatrie  travail  emploi Résumé : Introduction Attitudinal, social and workplace barriers, as well as poor health, can disrupt participation in education and employment for people experiencing mental illness. The WORKS framework conceptualises support for employment and mental health in relation to three starting points on vocational pathways: Starting Out, Moving Forward, and Keeping Going and Growing. Method The WORKS ‘Starting Out’ phase was adapted for a vocational group run in an Australian mental health service, and qualitative methods used to evaluate three consecutive programmes. Focus group data about service user participants’ (n = 20) views were subjected to content analysis. Findings Two themes related to programme experience were identified: ‘Working together’ and ‘Experiencing structured workshops’. Four themes related to the influences of the group on recovery and vocational aspirations: ‘Work and recovery’; ‘What we got from Starting Out’; ‘Promoting vocation’ and ‘Where to next?’ Conclusion The findings confirmed the importance of employment to people experiencing longstanding mental illness, and demonstrated that the ‘Starting Out’ programme provided a meaningful way of opening conversations about work. Co-facilitation by occupational therapists and peer workers enabled a respectful environment, which supported participants to identify transferable skills, reconnect with vocational goals and redefine themselves as ‘employable’. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57821

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A new combined motor and cognitive strategy training intervention for stroke: Stakeholder perceptions / Anna E. Boone in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 726-734 Titre : A new combined motor and cognitive strategy training intervention for stroke: Stakeholder perceptions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Anna E. Boone ; Kerri A. Morgan ; Jack R. Engsberg Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 726-734 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : métacognition  accident vasculaire cérébral  ergothérapie Résumé : Introduction Hemiparesis affects about half of persons with chronic stroke and frequently leads to decreased participation in meaningful daily life activities. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the perceived acceptability and practicality feasibility of a complex intervention for addressing motor impairment and activity limitations post stroke. The newly developed intervention, Metacognitive Virtual Reality (MetacogVR), combines virtual reality technology to improve motor impairments with task-based, cognitive strategy training for meaningful transfer of skills. Method Three separate focus groups were held with stakeholders including persons with stroke (n = 5), caregivers (n = 5), and occupational therapists (n = 5). Focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results Themes revealed stakeholder perceptions of the intervention as a cost-efficient and transportable intervention. The time commitment of the intervention was acknowledged as intense, but necessary for optimal improvements. Findings also included perceptions of the intervention as highly motivating and client-centered. Essential elements of guided discovery, cognitive strategies, and high repetitions were seen as facilitators of the intervention. Conclusion Results indicate MetacogVR has positively perceived acceptability and practicality feasibility. Findings warrant further feasibility testing of MetacogVR prior to efficacy testing. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57822 [article] A new combined motor and cognitive strategy training intervention for stroke: Stakeholder perceptions [texte imprimé] / Anna E. Boone ; Kerri A. Morgan ; Jack R. Engsberg . - 2017 . - p. 726-734. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 726-734 Mots-clés : métacognition  accident vasculaire cérébral  ergothérapie Résumé : Introduction Hemiparesis affects about half of persons with chronic stroke and frequently leads to decreased participation in meaningful daily life activities. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the perceived acceptability and practicality feasibility of a complex intervention for addressing motor impairment and activity limitations post stroke. The newly developed intervention, Metacognitive Virtual Reality (MetacogVR), combines virtual reality technology to improve motor impairments with task-based, cognitive strategy training for meaningful transfer of skills. Method Three separate focus groups were held with stakeholders including persons with stroke (n = 5), caregivers (n = 5), and occupational therapists (n = 5). Focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results Themes revealed stakeholder perceptions of the intervention as a cost-efficient and transportable intervention. The time commitment of the intervention was acknowledged as intense, but necessary for optimal improvements. Findings also included perceptions of the intervention as highly motivating and client-centered. Essential elements of guided discovery, cognitive strategies, and high repetitions were seen as facilitators of the intervention. Conclusion Results indicate MetacogVR has positively perceived acceptability and practicality feasibility. Findings warrant further feasibility testing of MetacogVR prior to efficacy testing. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57822

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Evaluation of a web-based app to assist home-hazard modification in falls prevention / Gillian Ward in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 735-744 Titre : Evaluation of a web-based app to assist home-hazard modification in falls prevention Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Gillian Ward ; Aimee Walker-Clarke ; Nikki Holliday Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 735-744 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ergothérapie  prévention  chute  personne âgée  domicile Résumé : Introduction Given the impact falls can have on older people and their families, many health and social care services are focused on preventing falls and implementing interventions to reduce future falls. FallCheck is a web app that supports identification of home-hazards and directs users towards self-management strategies to reduce risk of falling. Method A survey by clinical experts of a beta version of FallCheck was conducted, producing quantitative and qualitative data including issues and attributes identified by respondents. Thirty-six individuals signed up to take part in the study, and 27 respondents took part in the final evaluation survey. Findings Testing by health and social care professionals found there is scope for using the app as a digital self-assessment tool by people at risk of falls. It has further potential as an effective tool to support environmental/behavioural change to reduce risk of falls. Conclusion FallCheck was developed from a sound evidence-base to support home-hazard modification as an effective intervention component within a multifactorial intervention to prevent falls. Health and social care professionals found it had good acceptability for use in practice, justifying further testing of the usability and effectiveness of the app in supporting behavioural changes and environmental modifications with people at risk of falling and carers. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57823 [article] Evaluation of a web-based app to assist home-hazard modification in falls prevention [texte imprimé] / Gillian Ward ; Aimee Walker-Clarke ; Nikki Holliday . - 2017 . - p. 735-744. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 735-744 Mots-clés : ergothérapie  prévention  chute  personne âgée  domicile Résumé : Introduction Given the impact falls can have on older people and their families, many health and social care services are focused on preventing falls and implementing interventions to reduce future falls. FallCheck is a web app that supports identification of home-hazards and directs users towards self-management strategies to reduce risk of falling. Method A survey by clinical experts of a beta version of FallCheck was conducted, producing quantitative and qualitative data including issues and attributes identified by respondents. Thirty-six individuals signed up to take part in the study, and 27 respondents took part in the final evaluation survey. Findings Testing by health and social care professionals found there is scope for using the app as a digital self-assessment tool by people at risk of falls. It has further potential as an effective tool to support environmental/behavioural change to reduce risk of falls. Conclusion FallCheck was developed from a sound evidence-base to support home-hazard modification as an effective intervention component within a multifactorial intervention to prevent falls. Health and social care professionals found it had good acceptability for use in practice, justifying further testing of the usability and effectiveness of the app in supporting behavioural changes and environmental modifications with people at risk of falling and carers. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57823

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Wellbeing and engagement in occupation for people with Parkinson’s disease / Ann Kennedy-Behr in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 745-751 Titre : Wellbeing and engagement in occupation for people with Parkinson’s disease Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ann Kennedy-Behr ; Mikaela Hatchett Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 745-751 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : activité de la vie quotidienne  ergothérapie  qualité de vie  participation  bien-être  maladie de Parkison Résumé : Introduction Wellbeing is an important goal and outcome measure for people living with Parkinson’s disease. Previous wellbeing studies have used standardised measures and not explored the individual understandings of wellbeing and how it is affected by engagement in meaningful occupations. The aim of this study was to explore individual definitions of wellbeing and perceived associations between engagement in daily occupations and wellbeing for people living at home with Parkinson’s disease. Method A qualitative descriptive design was used. Participants completed 24-hour time diaries prior to completing semi-structured interviews which explored participants’ individual definitions of wellbeing and perceptions of associations between wellbeing and engagement in occupation. Transcribed interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Seventeen participants were recruited and 11 completed interviews. Participants defined wellbeing in terms of independence and satisfaction in being able to contribute to others’ lives. Participants identified engagement in meaningful occupation as supporting their wellbeing and maintaining relationships and identity. Conclusion This study expands what is known about wellbeing for people living with Parkinson’s disease. Understanding the individual meaning of wellbeing and facilitating engagement in the occupations individuals with Parkinson’s disease identify as meaningful may assist them to maintain wellbeing despite the presence of disease. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57824 [article] Wellbeing and engagement in occupation for people with Parkinson’s disease [texte imprimé] / Ann Kennedy-Behr ; Mikaela Hatchett . - 2017 . - p. 745-751. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 745-751 Mots-clés : activité de la vie quotidienne  ergothérapie  qualité de vie  participation  bien-être  maladie de Parkison Résumé : Introduction Wellbeing is an important goal and outcome measure for people living with Parkinson’s disease. Previous wellbeing studies have used standardised measures and not explored the individual understandings of wellbeing and how it is affected by engagement in meaningful occupations. The aim of this study was to explore individual definitions of wellbeing and perceived associations between engagement in daily occupations and wellbeing for people living at home with Parkinson’s disease. Method A qualitative descriptive design was used. Participants completed 24-hour time diaries prior to completing semi-structured interviews which explored participants’ individual definitions of wellbeing and perceptions of associations between wellbeing and engagement in occupation. Transcribed interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Seventeen participants were recruited and 11 completed interviews. Participants defined wellbeing in terms of independence and satisfaction in being able to contribute to others’ lives. Participants identified engagement in meaningful occupation as supporting their wellbeing and maintaining relationships and identity. Conclusion This study expands what is known about wellbeing for people living with Parkinson’s disease. Understanding the individual meaning of wellbeing and facilitating engagement in the occupations individuals with Parkinson’s disease identify as meaningful may assist them to maintain wellbeing despite the presence of disease. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57824

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Beyond p-values: A case for clinical relevance / Alisha Ohl in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 752-755 Titre : Beyond p-values: A case for clinical relevance Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alisha Ohl ; David Schelly Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 752-755 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : méthodologie  statistique Résumé : There are inherent flaws to relying on p-values, or statistical significance, when assessing intervention effectiveness. Perhaps the biggest limitation to reporting and discussing statistically significant findings is that they do not necessarily translate to improvements that are perceptible or meaningful to patients. This opinion piece urges researchers to go beyond the prevailing standard of reporting p-values by using additional approaches that approximate clinical relevance; specifically anchor-based and distribution-based methods. To this end, we discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of each method, and how they can not only be incorporated into existing data analyses but also inform future research design. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57825 [article] Beyond p-values: A case for clinical relevance [texte imprimé] / Alisha Ohl ; David Schelly . - 2017 . - p. 752-755. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.80 Issue 12 (December 2017) . - p. 752-755 Mots-clés : méthodologie  statistique Résumé : There are inherent flaws to relying on p-values, or statistical significance, when assessing intervention effectiveness. Perhaps the biggest limitation to reporting and discussing statistically significant findings is that they do not necessarily translate to improvements that are perceptible or meaningful to patients. This opinion piece urges researchers to go beyond the prevailing standard of reporting p-values by using additional approaches that approximate clinical relevance; specifically anchor-based and distribution-based methods. To this end, we discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of each method, and how they can not only be incorporated into existing data analyses but also inform future research design. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=57825

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