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Occupational therapy and emergency departments: A critical review of the literature / Kristin James in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016) . - p. 459-466 Titre : Occupational therapy and emergency departments: A critical review of the literature Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kristin James ; Derek Jones ; Larissa Kempenaar ; [et al...] Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 459-466 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ergothérapie  service d'urgence Résumé : Introduction Occupational therapy is emerging as a profession within the context of emergency care, specifically within emergency departments. Emerging professional practice should be underpinned by an evidence base supported by research. As such, this critical review examines, analyses and summarises published and unpublished research concerning occupational therapy in Emergency Departments in order to support emerging practice. Method Research evidence was sought from database platforms, the Internet and grey sources by searching using key words and search terms. Critical analysis of each piece of evidence was undertaken and the analyses were synthesised into a critical review of the literature. Results Twenty-three potentially relevant papers were found, 16 met the criteria for further inclusion and seven were critically analysed. The quality of the papers varied and often lacked sufficient methodological detail for robust review. Although not all study sample sizes were small, variable methodological quality means findings can only be taken into professional practice with caution. Conclusion Based on current evidence, there can only be a limited understanding of occupational therapy, including practice models and efficacy, within emergency departments at this time. There is a need for large-scale, well-designed research studies of occupational therapy within emergency departments. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45785 [article] Occupational therapy and emergency departments: A critical review of the literature [texte imprimé] / Kristin James ; Derek Jones ; Larissa Kempenaar ; [et al...] . - 2016 . - p. 459-466. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016) . - p. 459-466 Mots-clés : ergothérapie  service d'urgence Résumé : Introduction Occupational therapy is emerging as a profession within the context of emergency care, specifically within emergency departments. Emerging professional practice should be underpinned by an evidence base supported by research. As such, this critical review examines, analyses and summarises published and unpublished research concerning occupational therapy in Emergency Departments in order to support emerging practice. Method Research evidence was sought from database platforms, the Internet and grey sources by searching using key words and search terms. Critical analysis of each piece of evidence was undertaken and the analyses were synthesised into a critical review of the literature. Results Twenty-three potentially relevant papers were found, 16 met the criteria for further inclusion and seven were critically analysed. The quality of the papers varied and often lacked sufficient methodological detail for robust review. Although not all study sample sizes were small, variable methodological quality means findings can only be taken into professional practice with caution. Conclusion Based on current evidence, there can only be a limited understanding of occupational therapy, including practice models and efficacy, within emergency departments at this time. There is a need for large-scale, well-designed research studies of occupational therapy within emergency departments. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45785

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How attention to everyday technology could contribute to modern occupational therapy: A focus group study / Louise Nygard in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016) . - p. 467-474 Titre : How attention to everyday technology could contribute to modern occupational therapy: A focus group study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Louise Nygard ; Lena Rosenberg Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 467-474 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ergothérapie  communication  technologie  pratique centrée sur le client Résumé : Introduction Everyday technologies such as mobile phones and ticket vending machines have become increasingly indispensable, profoundly influencing daily life activities. Yet this has been given little attention in occupational therapy. The aim of this study was to explore occupational therapists’ views on everyday technologies’ relevance, meaning and potential applicability in practice. Method Focus groups were undertaken with 42 occupational therapists who had been introduced to an assessment of people’s ability to use everyday technologies. Data comprised eight focus groups and were analysed with a constant comparative approach. Findings The findings show how the participants’ fields of vision expanded when they discovered new ways of using information related to their clients’ everyday technology use, and new roles as therapists that would help make occupational therapy ‘modern’, that is, more timely and up-to-date. However, this also implied a risk of receiving information that was considered potentially unethical if the detected problems could not be dealt with. Conclusion Attending to clients as everyday technology users could give occupational therapists new expert roles, and allow clients to be seen as more complete persons. However, as this opportunity also involves priority conflicts and ethical dilemmas, the issue can inspire critical discussion about client-centred occupational therapy. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45786 [article] How attention to everyday technology could contribute to modern occupational therapy: A focus group study [texte imprimé] / Louise Nygard ; Lena Rosenberg . - 2016 . - p. 467-474. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016) . - p. 467-474 Mots-clés : ergothérapie  communication  technologie  pratique centrée sur le client Résumé : Introduction Everyday technologies such as mobile phones and ticket vending machines have become increasingly indispensable, profoundly influencing daily life activities. Yet this has been given little attention in occupational therapy. The aim of this study was to explore occupational therapists’ views on everyday technologies’ relevance, meaning and potential applicability in practice. Method Focus groups were undertaken with 42 occupational therapists who had been introduced to an assessment of people’s ability to use everyday technologies. Data comprised eight focus groups and were analysed with a constant comparative approach. Findings The findings show how the participants’ fields of vision expanded when they discovered new ways of using information related to their clients’ everyday technology use, and new roles as therapists that would help make occupational therapy ‘modern’, that is, more timely and up-to-date. However, this also implied a risk of receiving information that was considered potentially unethical if the detected problems could not be dealt with. Conclusion Attending to clients as everyday technology users could give occupational therapists new expert roles, and allow clients to be seen as more complete persons. However, as this opportunity also involves priority conflicts and ethical dilemmas, the issue can inspire critical discussion about client-centred occupational therapy. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45786

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Youth perceptions of positive mental health / Samantha Hall in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016) . - p. 475-483 Titre : Youth perceptions of positive mental health Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Samantha Hall ; Carol McKinstry ; Nerida Hyett Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 475-483 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : jeune  santé mentale Résumé : Introduction Positive mental health underpins individual well-being and occupational participation. Internationally, youth mental health services are expanding to include interventions that promote positive mental health and prevent mental illness, to reduce the growing burden of disease caused by mental illness across the lifespan. Policy initiatives have increased the funding of early intervention initiatives, and evidence is required to inform changes in practice. Method This study aimed to explore youths’ perceptions of positive mental health. An interpretive descriptive qualitative study design was utilized, which involved purposive sampling to recruit three adolescent community mental health service users. Data were collected using the digital storytelling method within a series of three individual interviews. The Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement was used as a lens to guide thematic analysis. Findings Five main themes emerged, including: Components of spirituality; Occupational factors; Aspirations; Social influences; and Challenges and barriers. Positive mental health was developed through experiences with adversity, primarily mental illness, and being able to increase adequate coping strategies and resilience. Spirituality was expressed through experiences with identity formation and positive mental health was linked with a strong sense of self, being able to accept oneself and embracing one’s identity. Equally important were aspirations and hope, engagement in leisure occupations, role models and positive relationships with family and friends. Conclusion Using the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement, personal, occupational and environment factors were demonstrated as being important in how youth perceive positive mental health, with spirituality being particularly influential. Further exploration of positive mental health for adolescents is required to inform policy and practice for community youth mental health services, and more broadly for preventative public health campaigns. Research, such as through the use of digital storytelling method, should actively engage young people in developing definitions, to ensure that they are meaningful to youth and that services understand their unique developmental needs. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45787 [article] Youth perceptions of positive mental health [texte imprimé] / Samantha Hall ; Carol McKinstry ; Nerida Hyett . - 2016 . - p. 475-483. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016) . - p. 475-483 Mots-clés : jeune  santé mentale Résumé : Introduction Positive mental health underpins individual well-being and occupational participation. Internationally, youth mental health services are expanding to include interventions that promote positive mental health and prevent mental illness, to reduce the growing burden of disease caused by mental illness across the lifespan. Policy initiatives have increased the funding of early intervention initiatives, and evidence is required to inform changes in practice. Method This study aimed to explore youths’ perceptions of positive mental health. An interpretive descriptive qualitative study design was utilized, which involved purposive sampling to recruit three adolescent community mental health service users. Data were collected using the digital storytelling method within a series of three individual interviews. The Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement was used as a lens to guide thematic analysis. Findings Five main themes emerged, including: Components of spirituality; Occupational factors; Aspirations; Social influences; and Challenges and barriers. Positive mental health was developed through experiences with adversity, primarily mental illness, and being able to increase adequate coping strategies and resilience. Spirituality was expressed through experiences with identity formation and positive mental health was linked with a strong sense of self, being able to accept oneself and embracing one’s identity. Equally important were aspirations and hope, engagement in leisure occupations, role models and positive relationships with family and friends. Conclusion Using the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement, personal, occupational and environment factors were demonstrated as being important in how youth perceive positive mental health, with spirituality being particularly influential. Further exploration of positive mental health for adolescents is required to inform policy and practice for community youth mental health services, and more broadly for preventative public health campaigns. Research, such as through the use of digital storytelling method, should actively engage young people in developing definitions, to ensure that they are meaningful to youth and that services understand their unique developmental needs. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45787

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Experiences of university students disclosing epilepsy to peers: ‘It's a shared thing now’ / Karen Sheridan in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016) . - p. 484-491 Titre : Experiences of university students disclosing epilepsy to peers: ‘It's a shared thing now’ Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karen Sheridan ; Nancy Salomon ; Nicole O'Connell Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 484-491 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : épilepse  jeune adulte  ergothérapie Résumé : Introduction While disclosure of concealable conditions like epilepsy can create social support, it may cause relationships to disintegrate. Friendship in young adulthood is pivotal in the transition to emotional autonomy, yet little is known about peer disclosure by university students with epilepsy. This qualitative study aimed to map key features in the process of epilepsy disclosure. Method Semi-structured interviews were completed with eight young adults (aged 18–25 years) with epilepsy enrolled in or recently graduated from Irish universities. Findings Thematic analysis yielded four main themes: (1) Assessing the disclosure recipient; (2) Managing the presentation of epilepsy; (3) Forging alliances; and (4) Feeling more positive. The process of disclosure centred on enlisting the support of allies deemed trustworthy by participants. Disclosure messages presented epilepsy neutrally to bolster allies' commitment to the role. Although participants viewed disclosure as beneficial to wellbeing, concern was expressed about acquiring a stigmatised social identity. Conclusion Occupational therapists are well placed to support young adults through the process of disclosure. Promoting a positive collective identity through peer mentorship promises to disrupt stigma. More broadly, partnerships between occupational therapists and epilepsy organisations or disability support services in third level education could establish an academic culture where supports are readily available to people with concealable illnesses. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45788 [article] Experiences of university students disclosing epilepsy to peers: ‘It's a shared thing now’ [texte imprimé] / Karen Sheridan ; Nancy Salomon ; Nicole O'Connell . - 2016 . - p. 484-491. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016) . - p. 484-491 Mots-clés : épilepse  jeune adulte  ergothérapie Résumé : Introduction While disclosure of concealable conditions like epilepsy can create social support, it may cause relationships to disintegrate. Friendship in young adulthood is pivotal in the transition to emotional autonomy, yet little is known about peer disclosure by university students with epilepsy. This qualitative study aimed to map key features in the process of epilepsy disclosure. Method Semi-structured interviews were completed with eight young adults (aged 18–25 years) with epilepsy enrolled in or recently graduated from Irish universities. Findings Thematic analysis yielded four main themes: (1) Assessing the disclosure recipient; (2) Managing the presentation of epilepsy; (3) Forging alliances; and (4) Feeling more positive. The process of disclosure centred on enlisting the support of allies deemed trustworthy by participants. Disclosure messages presented epilepsy neutrally to bolster allies' commitment to the role. Although participants viewed disclosure as beneficial to wellbeing, concern was expressed about acquiring a stigmatised social identity. Conclusion Occupational therapists are well placed to support young adults through the process of disclosure. Promoting a positive collective identity through peer mentorship promises to disrupt stigma. More broadly, partnerships between occupational therapists and epilepsy organisations or disability support services in third level education could establish an academic culture where supports are readily available to people with concealable illnesses. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45788

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The face validity and clinical utility of the Activity Card Sort – United Kingdom (ACS-UK) / Alison Laver-Fawcett in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016) . - p. 492-504 Titre : The face validity and clinical utility of the Activity Card Sort – United Kingdom (ACS-UK) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alison Laver-Fawcett ; Brain ; Courtney Brodie ; [et al...] Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 492-504 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : évaluation  activité  participation sociale  personne âgée  Royaume Uni Résumé : Introduction The Activity Card Sort – United Kingdom version is a self-report interview assessment requiring older adults to sort activity photograph cards to evaluate their levels of participation. The face validity and clinical utility of the activity card sort – United Kingdom were explored. Method The sample comprised 27 community dwelling older adults (>65 years) and eight assessors. The Activity Card Sort – United Kingdom was administered, followed by a semi-structured interview to explore participants' opinions and experiences of undertaking the assessment. Time taken to administer and score was measured. Results Mean administration and scoring time was 14 minutes and 30 seconds, which was considered reasonable by older people and assessors. The majority of participants found the Activity Card Sort – United Kingdom straightforward, easy to do and considered activities and activity labels clear. All participants considered that photographs looked like the activities they were depicting. Participants made recommendations which have led to some improvements to the assessment. Conclusion The Activity Card Sort – United Kingdom has good clinical utility in terms of ease of use and time required for administering and scoring the assessment. Face validity, in terms of acceptability, was good, but more detailed instructions in the manual will be required to guide therapists on how to explain the purpose of the assessment to clients. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45789 [article] The face validity and clinical utility of the Activity Card Sort – United Kingdom (ACS-UK) [texte imprimé] / Alison Laver-Fawcett ; Brain ; Courtney Brodie ; [et al...] . - 2016 . - p. 492-504. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016) . - p. 492-504 Mots-clés : évaluation  activité  participation sociale  personne âgée  Royaume Uni Résumé : Introduction The Activity Card Sort – United Kingdom version is a self-report interview assessment requiring older adults to sort activity photograph cards to evaluate their levels of participation. The face validity and clinical utility of the activity card sort – United Kingdom were explored. Method The sample comprised 27 community dwelling older adults (>65 years) and eight assessors. The Activity Card Sort – United Kingdom was administered, followed by a semi-structured interview to explore participants' opinions and experiences of undertaking the assessment. Time taken to administer and score was measured. Results Mean administration and scoring time was 14 minutes and 30 seconds, which was considered reasonable by older people and assessors. The majority of participants found the Activity Card Sort – United Kingdom straightforward, easy to do and considered activities and activity labels clear. All participants considered that photographs looked like the activities they were depicting. Participants made recommendations which have led to some improvements to the assessment. Conclusion The Activity Card Sort – United Kingdom has good clinical utility in terms of ease of use and time required for administering and scoring the assessment. Face validity, in terms of acceptability, was good, but more detailed instructions in the manual will be required to guide therapists on how to explain the purpose of the assessment to clients. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45789

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How sustainable development is understood in World Federation of Occupational Therapy policy / Kathryn Jenkin in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016) . - p. 505-513 Titre : How sustainable development is understood in World Federation of Occupational Therapy policy Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kathryn Jenkin ; Ben Sellar ; Mandy Stanley ; Kerry Thomas Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 505-513 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ergothérapie  développement durable Résumé : Introduction Sustainable development is used to tackle environmental crises affecting human survival. Many sectors endorse sustainable development as a guiding principle but the health sector is yet to incorporate it in an effective and coordinated manner. To support occupational therapy engagement, the World Federation of Occupational Therapy developed a policy outlining their position on sustainable development. Method The policy analysis method developed by Carol Bacchi (the ‘What’s the problem represented to be?’ approach) and elite interviewing of three members of the policy writing committee were used to explore how sustainable development is represented by the World Federation of Occupational Therapy and the effects of this representation. Results Analysis revealed that the World Federation of Occupational Therapy understands sustainable development as a set of principles and practices that demand cultural change. The policy links ‘Western’ cultural values and environmental crises and obliges occupational therapists, as ethical subjects, to take on new personal and professional values concerning knowledge, evidence and ethics. Conclusion Presently, occupational therapists adopting sustainable development principles may appear to be challenging unsustainable occupational therapy practices and expanding the parameters of professional ethics. Further research into the concept of the ethical subject and requirements necessary for the adoption of sustainable cultural values is suggested. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45790 [article] How sustainable development is understood in World Federation of Occupational Therapy policy [texte imprimé] / Kathryn Jenkin ; Ben Sellar ; Mandy Stanley ; Kerry Thomas . - 2016 . - p. 505-513. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016) . - p. 505-513 Mots-clés : ergothérapie  développement durable Résumé : Introduction Sustainable development is used to tackle environmental crises affecting human survival. Many sectors endorse sustainable development as a guiding principle but the health sector is yet to incorporate it in an effective and coordinated manner. To support occupational therapy engagement, the World Federation of Occupational Therapy developed a policy outlining their position on sustainable development. Method The policy analysis method developed by Carol Bacchi (the ‘What’s the problem represented to be?’ approach) and elite interviewing of three members of the policy writing committee were used to explore how sustainable development is represented by the World Federation of Occupational Therapy and the effects of this representation. Results Analysis revealed that the World Federation of Occupational Therapy understands sustainable development as a set of principles and practices that demand cultural change. The policy links ‘Western’ cultural values and environmental crises and obliges occupational therapists, as ethical subjects, to take on new personal and professional values concerning knowledge, evidence and ethics. Conclusion Presently, occupational therapists adopting sustainable development principles may appear to be challenging unsustainable occupational therapy practices and expanding the parameters of professional ethics. Further research into the concept of the ethical subject and requirements necessary for the adoption of sustainable cultural values is suggested. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45790

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Occupational therapy and the therapeutic use of self / Bridie Solman in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016)

Public ISBD [article]  inThe British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016) . - p. 514-516 Titre : Occupational therapy and the therapeutic use of self Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Bridie Solman ; Teena J. Clouston Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 514-516 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ergothérapie  rôle propre de l'ergothérapeute  relation thérapeutique Résumé : The therapeutic use of self is a term used to encapsulate the therapist’s role in working consciously with the interpersonal side of the therapeutic relationship to facilitate an optimal experience and outcome for the client. In occupational therapy, although the literature is replete in references to the topic, there is a paucity of current debate and it remains an elusive aspect of practice. This raises an intriguing point: if the therapeutic use of self is as central to the profession as the rhetoric suggests, why does a lack of clarity in its practice remain? The purpose of this opinion piece is to explore these issues, and consider the potential for refocusing on this aspect of our skills set to meet the challenges of contemporary practice. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45791 [article] Occupational therapy and the therapeutic use of self [texte imprimé] / Bridie Solman ; Teena J. Clouston . - 2016 . - p. 514-516. Langues : Anglais (eng) in The British Journal of Occupational Therapy > Vol.79 N°8 (August 2016) . - p. 514-516 Mots-clés : ergothérapie  rôle propre de l'ergothérapeute  relation thérapeutique Résumé : The therapeutic use of self is a term used to encapsulate the therapist’s role in working consciously with the interpersonal side of the therapeutic relationship to facilitate an optimal experience and outcome for the client. In occupational therapy, although the literature is replete in references to the topic, there is a paucity of current debate and it remains an elusive aspect of practice. This raises an intriguing point: if the therapeutic use of self is as central to the profession as the rhetoric suggests, why does a lack of clarity in its practice remain? The purpose of this opinion piece is to explore these issues, and consider the potential for refocusing on this aspect of our skills set to meet the challenges of contemporary practice. Permalink : ./index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45791

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